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Current deep learning based autonomous driving approaches yield impressive results also leading to in-production deployment in certain controlled scenarios. One of the most popular and fascinating approaches relies on learning vehicle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Luca Cultrera , Lorenzo Seidenari , Federico Becattini , Pietro Pala , Alberto Del Bimbo

End-to-end autonomous driving is a fully differentiable machine learning system that takes raw sensor input data and other metadata as prior information and directly outputs the ego vehicle's control signals or planned trajectories. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Apoorv Singh

We address the decision-making capability within an end-to-end planning framework that focuses on motion prediction, decision-making, and trajectory planning. Specifically, we formulate decision-making and trajectory planning as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Wenru Liu , Yongkang Song , Chengzhen Meng , Zhiyu Huang , Haochen Liu , Chen Lv , Jun Ma

Autonomous driving presents many challenges due to the large number of scenarios the autonomous vehicle (AV) may encounter. End-to-end deep learning models are comparatively simplistic models that can handle a broad set of scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhongying CuiZhu , Francois Charette , Amin Ghafourian , Debo Shi , Matthew Cui , Anjali Krishnamachar , Iman Soltani

The task of motion prediction is pivotal for autonomous driving systems, providing crucial data to choose a vehicle behavior strategy within its surroundings. Existing motion prediction techniques primarily focus on predicting the future…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Youshaa Murhij , Dmitry Yudin

Visual navigation is a fundamental capability for autonomous home-assistance robots, enabling long-horizon tasks such as object search. While recent methods have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to incorporate commonsense reasoning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Teng Wang , Xinxin Zhao , Wenzhe Cai , Changyin Sun

Vision-based end-to-end driving models trained by imitation learning can lead to affordable solutions for autonomous driving. However, training these well-performing models usually requires a huge amount of data, while still lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Diego Porres , Yi Xiao , Gabriel Villalonga , Alexandre Levy , Antonio M. López

Visual prompt tuning offers significant advantages for adapting pre-trained visual foundation models to specific tasks. However, current research provides limited insight into the interpretability of this approach, which is essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , De Cheng , Xiangqian Zhao , Zilong Wang , Dongsheng Li , Cairong Zhao

Trustworthy AI is mandatory for the broad deployment of autonomous vehicles. Although end-to-end approaches derive control commands directly from raw data, interpreting these decisions remains challenging, especially in complex urban…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mona Mirzaie , Bodo Rosenhahn

This study aims to improve the performance and generalization capability of end-to-end autonomous driving with scene understanding leveraging deep learning and multimodal sensor fusion techniques. The designed end-to-end deep neural network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Zhiyu Huang , Chen Lv , Yang Xing , Jingda Wu

Learning-based approaches have achieved remarkable performance in the domain of autonomous driving. Leveraging the impressive ability of neural networks and large amounts of human driving data, complex patterns and rules of driving behavior…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Bikun Wang , Zhipeng Wang , Chenhao Zhu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Zhichen Wang , Penghong Lin , Jingchu Liu , Qian Zhang

The pursuit of autonomous driving technology hinges on the sophisticated integration of perception, decision-making, and control systems. Traditional approaches, both data-driven and rule-based, have been hindered by their inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Daocheng Fu , Xiaofeng Wang , Pinlong Cai , Xin Li , Tao Ma , Yingxuan Li , Linran Xu , Dengke Shang , Zheng Zhu , Shaoyan Sun , Yeqi Bai , Xinyu Cai , Min Dou , Shuanglu Hu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

End-to-End driving is a promising paradigm as it circumvents the drawbacks associated with modular systems, such as their overwhelming complexity and propensity for error propagation. Autonomous driving transcends conventional traffic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Pranav Singh Chib , Pravendra Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as promising candidates for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, these models typically face challenges in inference latency, action precision, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiaru Zhang , Manav Gagvani , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Human drivers rely on commonsense reasoning to navigate diverse and dynamic real-world scenarios. Existing end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) models are typically optimized to mimic driving patterns observed in data, without capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yi Xu , Yuxin Hu , Zaiwei Zhang , Gregory P. Meyer , Siva Karthik Mustikovela , Siddhartha Srinivasa , Eric M. Wolff , Xin Huang

Deep learning has revolutionized the ability to learn "end-to-end" autonomous vehicle control directly from raw sensory data. While there have been recent extensions to handle forms of navigation instruction, these works are unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Alexander Amini , Guy Rosman , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Autonomous driving is a multi-task problem requiring a deep understanding of the visual environment. End-to-end autonomous systems have attracted increasing interest as a method of learning to drive without exhaustively programming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Alexander Makrigiorgos , Ali Shafti , Alex Harston , Julien Gerard , A. Aldo Faisal

Autonomous driving demands safe motion planning, especially in critical "long-tail" scenarios. Recent end-to-end autonomous driving systems leverage large language models (LLMs) as planners to improve generalizability to rare events.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Deepti Hegde , Rajeev Yasarla , Hong Cai , Shizhong Han , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Shweta Mahajan , Litian Liu , Risheek Garrepalli , Vishal M. Patel , Fatih Porikli

Existing Vision-Language models (VLMs) estimate either long-term trajectory waypoints or a set of control actions as a reactive solution for closed-loop planning based on their rich scene comprehension. However, these estimations are coarse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Pranjal Paul , Anant Garg , Tushar Choudhary , Arun Kumar Singh , K. Madhava Krishna

We present a method for trajectory planning for autonomous driving, learning image-based context embeddings that align with motion prediction frameworks and planning-based intention input. Within our method, a ViT encoder takes raw images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Maitrayee Keskar , Mohan Trivedi , Ross Greer