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End-to-end motion planning models equipped with deep neural networks have shown great potential for enabling full autonomous driving. However, the oversized neural networks render them impractical for deployment on resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Kaituo Feng , Changsheng Li , Dongchun Ren , Ye Yuan , Guoren Wang

In autonomous driving, accurately estimating the state of surrounding obstacles is critical for safe and robust path planning. However, this perception task is difficult, particularly for generic obstacles/objects, due to appearance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Kuan-Hui Lee , Matthew Kliemann , Adrien Gaidon , Jie Li , Chao Fang , Sudeep Pillai , Wolfram Burgard

Vision-Language-Action models have shown great promise for autonomous driving, yet they suffer from degraded perception after unfreezing the visual encoder and struggle with accumulated instability in long-term planning. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiajun Cao , Xiaoan Zhang , Xiaobao Wei , Liyuqiu Huang , Zijian Wang , Hanzhen Zhang , Zhengyu Jia , Wei Mao , Hao Wang , Xianming Liu , Shuchang Zhou , Yang Wang , Shanghang Zhang

Autonomous driving is a challenging task that requires perceiving and understanding the surrounding environment for safe trajectory planning. While existing vision-based end-to-end models have achieved promising results, these methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Tengpeng Li , Hanli Wang , Xianfei Li , Wenlong Liao , Tao He , Pai Peng

Real-world driving involves intricate interactions among vehicles navigating through dense traffic scenarios. Recent research focuses on enhancing the interaction awareness of autonomous vehicles to leverage these interactions in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Piyush Gupta , David Isele , Sangjae Bae

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm integrating perception, decision-making, and control within a unified learning framework. Recently, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained significant attention for their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yuxuan Han , Kunyuan Wu , Qianyi Shao , Renxiang Xiao , Zilu Wang , Cansen Jiang , Yi Xiao , Liang Hu , Yunjiang Lou

Autonomous driving (AD) systems are becoming increasingly capable of handling complex tasks, mainly due to recent advances in deep learning and AI. As interactions between autonomous systems and humans increase, the interpretability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Mukilan Karuppasamy , Shankar Gangisetty , Shyam Nandan Rai , Carlo Masone , C V Jawahar

Autonomous vehicles demand high accuracy and robustness of perception algorithms. To develop efficient and scalable perception algorithms, the maximum information should be extracted from the available sensor data. In this work, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Sebastian Huch , Florian Sauerbeck , Johannes Betz

Intelligent vehicles (IVs) have gained worldwide attention due to their increased convenience, safety advantages, and potential commercial value. Despite predictions of commercial deployment by 2025, implementation remains limited to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Siyu Teng , Xuemin Hu , Peng Deng , Bai Li , Yuchen Li , Dongsheng Yang , Yunfeng Ai , Lingxi Li , Zhe Xuanyuan , Fenghua Zhu , Long Chen

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Recent research on automotive driving developed an efficient end-to-end learning mode that directly maps visual input to control commands. However, it models distinct driving variations in a single network, which increases learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Huifang Ma , Yue Wang , Rong Xiong , Sarath Kodagoda , Li Tang

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful representation learning systems that align visual observations with natural language concepts, offering new opportunities for semantic reasoning in safety-critical autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ross Greer , Maitrayee Keskar , Angel Martinez-Sanchez , Parthib Roy , Shashank Shriram , Mohan Trivedi

Many existing autonomous driving paradigms involve a multi-stage discrete pipeline of tasks. To better predict the control signals and enhance user safety, an end-to-end approach that benefits from joint spatial-temporal feature learning is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Shengchao Hu , Li Chen , Penghao Wu , Hongyang Li , Junchi Yan , Dacheng Tao

End-to-end autonomous driving systems are increasingly integrating Vision-Language Model (VLM) architectures, incorporating text reasoning or visual reasoning to enhance the robustness and accuracy of driving decisions. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingjun Zhang , Changjie Wu , Linzhe Shi , Jiangyang Li , Jiaxin Liu , Lei Yang , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Hong Wang

End-to-end autonomous driving methods aim to directly map raw sensor inputs to future driving actions such as planned trajectories, bypassing traditional modular pipelines. While these approaches have shown promise, they often operate under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bozhou Zhang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Jiankang Deng , Li Zhang

Autonomous driving requires rich contextual comprehension and precise predictive reasoning to navigate dynamic and complex environments safely. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Driving World Models (DWMs) have independently emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingyu Li , Bozhou Zhang , Xin Jin , Jiankang Deng , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Imagine experiencing a crash as the passenger of an autonomous vehicle. Wouldn't you want to know why it happened? Current end-to-end optimizable deep neural networks (DNNs) in 3D detection, multi-object tracking, and motion forecasting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Benjamin Thérien , Krzysztof Czarnecki

End-to-end autonomous driving offers a streamlined alternative to the traditional modular pipeline, integrating perception, prediction, and planning within a single framework. While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently gained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Siyi Lu , Lei He , Shengbo Eben Li , Yugong Luo , Jianqiang Wang , Keqiang Li

End-to-end motion planning is promising for simplifying complex autonomous driving pipelines. However, challenges such as scene understanding and effective prediction for decision-making continue to present substantial obstacles to its…