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Several distributed frameworks have been developed to scale Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on billion-size graphs. On several benchmarks, we observe that the graph partitions generated by these frameworks have heterogeneous data distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Dhruv Deshmukh , Gagan Raj Gupta , Manisha Chawla , Vishwesh Jatala , Anirban Haldar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning models designed specifically for graph data, and they typically rely on node features as the input to the first layer. When applying such a type of network on the graph without node features,…

Training deep graph neural networks (GNNs) poses a challenging task, as the performance of GNNs may suffer from the number of hidden message-passing layers. The literature has focused on the proposals of {over-smoothing} and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Yirui Liu , Xinghao Qiao , Liying Wang , Jessica Lam

Recent advances in data processing have stimulated the demand for learning graphs of very large scales. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), being an emerging and powerful approach in solving graph learning tasks, are known to be difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ningyi Liao , Dingheng Mo , Siqiang Luo , Xiang Li , Pengcheng Yin

Clock meshes are essential in high-performance VLSI systems for minimizing skew and handling PVT variations, but analyzing them is difficult due to reconvergent paths, multi-source driving, and input mesh buffer skew. SPICE simulations are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Muhammad Hadir Khan , Matthew Guthaus

Graph Neural Network (GNN) on streaming graphs has gained increasing popularity. However, its practical deployment remains challenging, as the inference process relies on Runtime Embedding Computation (RTEC) to capture recent graph changes.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Qiange Wang , Haoran Lv , Yanfeng Zhang , Weng-Fai Wong , Bingsheng He

There has been significant progress in developing neural network architectures that both achieve high predictive performance and that also achieve high application-level inference throughput (e.g., frames per second). Another metric of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jack Kosaian , Amar Phanishayee

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown success in many real-world applications that involve graph-structured data. Most of the existing single-node GNN training systems are capable of training medium-scale graphs with tens of millions of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Yi-Chien Lin , Viktor Prasanna

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have delivered remarkable results in various fields. However, the rapid increase in the scale of graph data has introduced significant performance bottlenecks for GNN inference. Both computational complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiabao Wu , Yongchao Liu , Wei Qin , Chuntao Hong

Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved qualitative predictions but they are computing and memory intensive. Therefore, the demand is growing to make them answer a heavy workload of requests with available computational…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Pierrick Pochelu , Serge G. Petiton , Bruno Conche

Low-latency deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become a promising alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) because of their potential for increased energy efficiency on event-driven neuromorphic hardware. Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram , Peter A. Beerel

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) have expanded graph representation learning to heterogeneous graph fields. Recent studies have demonstrated their superior performance across various applications, including medical analysis and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Runzhen Xue , Mingyu Yan , Dengke Han , Zhimin Tang , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

Graph neural network (GNN) inference faces significant bottlenecks in preprocessing, which often dominate overall inference latency. We introduce AutoGNN, an FPGA-based accelerator designed to address these challenges by leveraging FPGA's…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted for semi-supervised learning on graphs. A recent study shows that the graph random neural network (GRAND) model can generate state-of-the-art performance for this problem. However, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Wenzheng Feng , Yuxiao Dong , Tinglin Huang , Ziqi Yin , Xu Cheng , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to process graph-based data in fields like communication networks, molecular interactions, chemistry, social networks, and neuroscience. GNNs are characterized by the ultra-sparse…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Nanda K. Unnikrishnan , Joe Gould , Keshab K. Parhi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become popular across a diverse set of tasks in exploring structural relationships between entities. However, due to the highly connected structure of the datasets, distributed training of GNNs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Arefin Niam , Tevfik Kosar , M S Q Zulkar Nine

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an attractive class of machine learning models because of their simplicity and flexibility as building blocks of more complex Bayesian models. Meanwhile, graph neural networks (GNNs) emerged recently as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zehao Niu , Mihai Anitescu , Jie Chen

In recent years, Transformer-based language models have become the standard approach for natural language processing tasks. However, stringent throughput and latency requirements in industrial applications are limiting their adoption. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Haihao Shen , Hengyu Meng , Bo Dong , Zhe Wang , Ofir Zafrir , Yi Ding , Yu Luo , Hanwen Chang , Qun Gao , Ziheng Wang , Guy Boudoukh , Moshe Wasserblat

With the ever-growing popularity of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), efficient GNN inference is gaining tremendous attention. Field-Programming Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a promising execution platform due to their fine-grained parallelism,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Chenfeng Zhao , Zehao Dong , Yixin Chen , Xuan Zhang , Roger D. Chamberlain

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various graph-based learning tasks. However, enabling privacy-preserving GNNs in encrypted domains, such as under Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Kaixiang Zhao , Joseph Yousry Attalla , Qian Lou , Yushun Dong