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Reinforcement learning has shown promise for automating power-grid operation tasks such as topology control and congestion management. However, its deployment in real-world power systems remains limited by strict safety requirements,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Gitesh Malik

The dramatic increase of autonomous systems subject to variable environments has given rise to the pressing need to consider risk in both the synthesis and verification of policies for these systems. This paper aims to address a few…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Prithvi Akella , Anushri Dixit , Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Joel W. Burdick , Aaron D. Ames

Recent learning-based safety filters have outperformed conventional methods, such as hand-crafted Control Barrier Functions (CBFs), by effectively adapting to complex constraints. However, these learning-based approaches lack formal safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jiaxing Li , Hanjiang Hu , Yujie Yang , Changliu Liu

Ensuring verifiable and interpretable safety of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is crucial for its deployment in real-world applications. Existing approaches like verification-in-the-loop training, however, face challenges such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zixuan Yang , Jiaqi Zheng , Guihai Chen

A major challenge faced in the design of large-scale cyber-physical systems, such as power systems, the Internet of Things or intelligent transportation systems, is that traditional distributed optimal control methods do not scale…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-23 Yuh-Shyang Wang , Nikolai Matni , John C. Doyle

This paper targets control problems that exhibit specific safety and performance requirements. In particular, the aim is to ensure that an agent, operating under uncertainty, will at runtime strictly adhere to such requirements. Previous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Stefan Pranger , Bettina Könighofer , Martin Tappler , Martin Deixelberger , Nils Jansen , Roderick Bloem

Learning-based quadruped controllers achieve impressive agility but typically lack formal safety guarantees under model uncertainty, perception noise, and unstructured contact conditions. We introduce SafeMind, a differentiable stochastic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zukun Zhang , Kai Shu , Mingqiao Mo

A shield is attached to a system to guarantee safety by correcting the system's behavior at runtime. Existing methods that employ design-time synthesis of shields do not scale to multi-agent systems. Moreover, such shields are typically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-02 Dhananjay Raju , Suda Bharadwaj , Ufuk Topcu

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) are utilized to ensure the safety of control systems. CBFs act as safety filters in order to provide safety guarantees without compromising system performance. These safety guarantees rely on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Hongchao Zhang , Manan Tayal , Jackson Cox , Pushpak Jagtap , Shishir Kolathaya , Andrew Clark

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

We study the problem of co-designing control barrier functions and linear state feedback controllers for discrete-time linear systems affected by additive disturbances. For disturbances of bounded magnitude, we provide a semi-definite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Marta Fochesato , Han Wang , Antonis Papachristodoulou , Paul Goulart

Shield synthesis is an approach to enforce a set of safety-critical properties of a reactive system at runtime. A shield monitors the system and corrects any erroneous output values instantaneously. The shield deviates from the given…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Laura Humphrey , Bettina Könighofer , Robert Könighofer , Ufuk Topcu

Recent advances in learning-based perception systems have led to drastic improvements in the performance of robotic systems like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots. These perception systems, however, are hard to analyze and errors in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 Shromona Ghosh , Yash Vardhan Pant , Hadi Ravanbakhsh , Sanjit A. Seshia

Ensuring the safety of reinforcement learning (RL) policies in high-stakes environments requires not only formal verification but also interpretability and targeted falsification. While model checking provides formal guarantees, its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Tuan Le , Risal Shefin , Debashis Gupta , Thai Le , Sarra Alqahtani

Learning-based methods for synthesizing controllers have gained popularity due to their high expressiveness and strong empirical performance. However, in safety-critical scenarios such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Haoyu Li , Xiangru Zhong , Hao Cheng , Bin Hu , Huan Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving large language models beyond supervised fine-tuning, yet sustaining performance gains at scale remains an open challenge, as data diversity and structure, rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Cansu Sancaktar , David Zhang , Gabriel Synnaeve , Taco Cohen

We study the problem of verification and synthesis of robust control barrier functions (CBF) for control-affine polynomial systems with bounded additive uncertainty and convex polynomial constraints on the control. We first formulate robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Shucheng Kang , Yuxiao Chen , Heng Yang , Marco Pavone

With the increase in data availability, it has been widely demonstrated that neural networks (NN) can capture complex system dynamics precisely in a data-driven manner. However, the architectural complexity and nonlinearity of the NNs make…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Shaoru Chen , Kong Yao Chee , Nikolai Matni , M. Ani Hsieh , George J. Pappas

In real-world deployments, Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) face critical challenges from multilingual and multimodal composite attacks: harmful images paired with low-resource language texts can easily bypass defenses designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Enyi Shi , Fei Shen , Shuyi Miao , Linxia Zhu , Pengyang Shao , Jinhui Tang , Tat-Seng Chua

We investigate encrypted control policy synthesis over the cloud. While encrypted control implementations have been studied previously, we focus on the less explored paradigm of privacy-preserving control synthesis, which can involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jihoon Suh , Takashi Tanaka