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Scalability issues may prevent users from verifying critical properties of a complex hardware design. In this situation, we propose to synthesize a "safety shield" that is attached to the design to enforce the properties at run time. Shield…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-01-19 Roderick Bloem , Bettina Koenighofer , Robert Koenighofer , Chao Wang

The control of complex systems faces a trade-off between high performance and safety guarantees, which in particular restricts the application of learning-based methods to safety-critical systems. A recently proposed framework to address…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Kim P. Wabersich , Melanie N. Zeilinger

The increasing use of deep neural networks for safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving and flight control, raises concerns about their safety and reliability. Formal verification can address these concerns by guaranteeing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Lindsey Kuper , Guy Katz , Justin Gottschlich , Kyle Julian , Clark Barrett , Mykel Kochenderfer

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an effective approach to solving real-world tasks. However, despite their successes, DRL-based policies suffer from poor reliability, which limits their deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Davide Corsi , Guy Amir , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez , Guy Katz , Roy Fox

Learning reliably safe autonomous control is one of the core problems in trustworthy autonomy. However, training a controller that can be formally verified to be safe remains a major challenge. We introduce a novel approach for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Junlin Wu , Huan Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

We provide a novel approach to synthesize controllers for nonlinear continuous dynamical systems with control against safety properties. The controllers are based on neural networks (NNs). To certify the safety property we utilize barrier…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-22 Hengjun Zhao , Xia Zeng , Taolue Chen , Zhiming Liu , Jim Woodcock

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising tool for developing controllers for real world systems (e.g., robotics, autonomous driving, etc.). However, real systems often have constraints imposed on their state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Akshita Gupta , Inseok Hwang

An emerging branch of control theory specialises in certificate learning, concerning the specification of a desired (possibly complex) system behaviour for an autonomous or control model, which is then analytically verified by means of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Alec Edwards , Andrea Peruffo , Alessandro Abate

We present a tool-supported approach for the synthesis, verification and validation of the control software responsible for the safety of the human-robot interaction in manufacturing processes that use collaborative robots. In human-robot…

Safe control with guarantees generally requires the system model to be known. It is far more challenging to handle systems with uncertain parameters. In this paper, we propose a generic algorithm that can synthesize and verify safe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Simin Liu , Kai S. Yun , John M. Dolan , Changliu Liu

Ensuring string stability is critical for the safety and efficiency of large-scale interconnected systems. Although learning-based controllers (e.g., those based on reinforcement learning) have demonstrated strong performance in complex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Jingyuan Zhou , Haoze Wu , Haokun Yu , Kaidi Yang

Verification of deep neural networks has witnessed a recent surge of interest, fueled by success stories in diverse domains and by abreast concerns about safety and security in envisaged applications. Complexity and sheer size of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Dario Guidotti , Francesco Leofante , Luca Pulina , Armando Tacchella

Recent advances in Deep Machine Learning have shown promise in solving complex perception and control loops via methods such as reinforcement and imitation learning. However, guaranteeing safety for such learned deep policies has been a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Tom Hirshberg , Sai Vemprala , Ashish Kapoor

While Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success across various domains, it remains vulnerable to occasional catastrophic failures without additional safeguards. An effective solution to prevent these failures is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Kyungmin Kim , Davide Corsi , Andoni Rodriguez , JB Lanier , Benjami Parellada , Pierre Baldi , Cesar Sanchez , Roy Fox

Cyber-physical systems are often safety-critical in that violations of safety properties may lead to catastrophes. We propose a method to enforce the safety of systems with real-valued signals by synthesizing a runtime enforcer called the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Meng Wu , Jingbo Wang , Jyotirmoy Deshmukh , Chao Wang

In this paper we consider the safety verification and safe controller synthesis problems for nonlinear control systems. The Control Barrier Certificates (CBC) approach is proposed as an extension to the Barrier certificates approach. Our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Han Wang , Kostas Margellos , Antonis Papachristodoulou

Safety is the major consideration in controlling complex dynamical systems using reinforcement learning (RL), where the safety certificate can provide provable safety guarantee. A valid safety certificate is an energy function indicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Haitong Ma , Changliu Liu , Shengbo Eben Li , Sifa Zheng , Jianyu Chen

Safe and optimal controller synthesis for switched-controlled hybrid systems, which combine differential equations and discrete changes of the system's state, is known to be intricately hard. Reinforcement learning has been leveraged to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Asger Horn Brorholt , Peter Gjøl Jensen , Kim Guldstrand Larsen , Florian Lorber , Christian Schilling

Large language models for code generation increasingly rely on synthetic data, where both problem solutions and verification tests are generated by models. While this enables scalable data creation, it introduces a previously unexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Srishti Gureja , Elena Tommasone , Jingyi He , Sara Hooker , Matthias Gallé , Marzieh Fadaee

This paper presents a risk-aware safe reinforcement learning (RL) control design for stochastic discrete-time linear systems. Rather than using a safety certifier to myopically intervene with the RL controller, a risk-informed safe…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-16 Babak Esmaeili , Nariman Niknejad , Hamidreza Modares
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