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Who is the US President? The answer changes depending on when the question is asked. While large language models (LLMs) are evaluated on various reasoning tasks, they often miss a crucial dimension: time. In real-world scenarios, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 David Herel , Vojtech Bartek , Jiri Jirak , Tomas Mikolov

Understanding how large language models (LLMs) grasp the historical context of concepts and their semantic evolution is essential in advancing artificial intelligence and linguistic studies. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Mohamed Taher Alrefaie , Fatty Salem , Nour Eldin Morsy , Nada Samir , Mohamed Medhat Gaber

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained relevance within financial institutions by providing highly valuable insights into companies and markets' financial documents. However, the landscape of the financial domain presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Pau Rodriguez Inserte , Mariam Nakhlé , Raheel Qader , Gaetan Caillaut , Jingshu Liu

As language technologies gain prominence in real-world settings, it is important to understand how changes to language affect reader perceptions. This can be formalized as the causal effect of varying a linguistic attribute (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Victoria Lin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Eli Ben-Michael

During natural and man-made disasters, people use social media platforms such as Twitter to post textual and multime- dia content to report updates about injured or dead people, infrastructure damage, and missing or found people among other…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Firoj Alam , Ferda Ofli , Muhammad Imran

Background: Studies examining how sentiment on social media varies depending on timing and location appear to produce inconsistent results, making it hard to design systems that use sentiment to detect localized events for public health…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Zubair Shah , Paige Martin , Enrico Coiera , Kenneth D. Mandl , Adam G. Dunn

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being applied in a wide array of settings, well beyond the typical language-oriented use cases. In particular, LLMs are increasingly used as a plug-and-play method for fitting data and generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hejia Liu , Mochen Yang , Gediminas Adomavicius

Localizing moments in a longer video via natural language queries is a new, challenging task at the intersection of language and video understanding. Though moment localization with natural language is similar to other language and vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Lisa Anne Hendricks , Oliver Wang , Eli Shechtman , Josef Sivic , Trevor Darrell , Bryan Russell

Exponential growth in the quantity of digital news, social media, and other textual sources makes it difficult for humans to keep up with rapidly evolving narratives about world events. Various visualisation techniques have been touted to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Songhai Fan , Simon Angus , Tim Dwyer , Ying Yang , Sarah Goodwin , Helen Purchase

When deploying LLMs in agentic architectures requiring real-time decisions under temporal constraints, we assume they reliably determine whether action windows remain open or have closed. This assumption is untested. We characterize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Javier Marín

This paper argues that contemporary multilingual NLP has converged on a fragile and misleading paradigm of incidental multilingualism. Today's LLMs appear multilingual largely because they are trained on massive, uneven web corpora, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anjishnu Mukherjee , Chutong Meng , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in time series analysis and seems to understand the time temporal relationship well than traditional transformer-based approaches. However, since LLMs are not designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Liangwei Nathan Zheng , Chang George Dong , Wei Emma Zhang , Lin Yue , Miao Xu , Olaf Maennel , Weitong Chen

While the ability of language models to elicit facts has been widely investigated, how they handle temporally changing facts remains underexplored. We discover Temporal Heads, specific attention heads that primarily handle temporal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yein Park , Chanwoong Yoon , Jungwoo Park , Minbyul Jeong , Jaewoo Kang

Effective utilization of time series data is often constrained by the scarcity of data quantity that reflects complex dynamics, especially under the condition of distributional shifts. Existing datasets may not encompass the full range of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Haibei Zhu , Yousef El-Laham , Elizabeth Fons , Svitlana Vyetrenko

The recent global outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread to all corners of the globe. The international travel ban, panic buying, and the need for self-quarantine are among the many other social challenges brought about…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Ankita Agarwal , Preetham Salehundam , Swati Padhee , William L. Romine , Tanvi Banerjee

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly applied to audio understanding and multimodal reasoning, yet their ability to locate when events occur remains underexplored. We present the first systematic study of temporal bias in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiayu Yao , Shenghua Liu , Yiwei Wang , Rundong Cheng , Lingrui Mei , Baolong Bi , Zhen Xiong , Xueqi Cheng

Conversational Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as a promising paradigm for real-time speech interaction. However, their capacity of temporal dynamics, including the ability to manage timing, tempo and simultaneous speaking,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Kai-Wei Chang , En-Pei Hu , Chun-Yi Kuan , Wenze Ren , Wei-Chih Chen , Guan-Ting Lin , Yu Tsao , Shao-Hua Sun , Hung-yi Lee , James Glass

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence by demonstrating their ability in generating human-like text across diverse topics. However, despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs…

The applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in temporal reasoning tasks over data that is not present during training is still a field that remains to be explored. In this paper we work on this topic, focusing on structured and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alfredo Garrachón Ruiz , Tomás de la Rosa , Daniel Borrajo

Language features are evolving in real-world social media, resulting in the deteriorating performance of text classification in dynamics. To address this challenge, we study temporal adaptation, where models trained on past data are tested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yuji Zhang , Jing Li , Wenjie Li