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Blazar hadronic models have been developed in the past decades as an alternative to leptonic ones. In hadronic models the gamma-ray emission is associated with synchrotron emission by protons, and/or secondary leptons produced in…

The models developed to describe the spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars can be divided into leptonic or hadronic scenarios, according to the particles responsible for the high-energy component. We have developed a new stationary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Matteo Cerruti , Andreas Zech , Catherine Boisson , Susumu Inoue

Blazar TXS 0506+056 is the main candidate for a coincident neutrino and gamma-ray flare event. In this paper, we present a detailed kinetic lepto-hadronic emission model capable of producing a photon and neutrino spectrum given a set of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-09 Bruno Jiménez-Fernández , H. J. van Eerten

The characteristic double-bumped spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars is explained by either leptonic or hadronic models. In the former, Inverse Compton emission dominates the emission of the high energy bump, while proton…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-03 Matteo Cerruti , Andreas Zech , Catherine Boisson , Susumu Inoue

The processes operating in blazar jets are still an open question. Modeling the radiation emanating from an extended part of the jet allows one to capture these processes on all scales. Kinetic codes solving the Fokker-Planck equation along…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-11 Michael Zacharias , Anita Reimer , Catherine Boisson , Andreas Zech

Blazars emit across all electromagnetic wavelengths. While the so-called one-zone model has described well both quiescent and flaring states, it cannot explain the radio emission and fails in more complex data sets, such as AP Librae. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-10 Michael Zacharias , Anita Reimer , Catherine Boisson , Andreas Zech

Blazars are promising high-energy neutrino source candidates. However, leptohadronic models face challenges in describing neutrino emission within a viable energy budget, and their predictive power is limited by the commonly used…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Xavier Rodrigues , Frank Rieger , Artem Bohdan , Paolo Padovani

We describe new implementations of leptonic and hadronic models for the broadband emission from relativistic jets in AGN in a temporary steady state. For the leptonic model, a temporary equilibrium between particle injection/acceleration,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 M. Boettcher , A. Reimer , K. Sweeney , A. Prakash

We perform the first dedicated comparison of five hadronic codes (AM$^3$, ATHE$\nu$A, B13, LeHa-Paris, and LeHaMoC) that have been extensively used in modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of jetted active galactic nuclei. The…

Recently reported coincidences between high-energy neutrino events and major blazar outbursts reinforce the relevance of lepto-hadronic emission models for blazars. We study the influence of physical parameters on the neutrino output…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-18 A. Gokus , S. Richter , F. Spanier , M. Kreter , M. Kadler , K. Mannheim , J. Wilms

Blazars - active galaxies with the jet pointing at Earth - emit across all electromagnetic wavelengths. The so-called one-zone model has described well both quiescent and flaring states, however it cannot explain the radio emission. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-03 Michael Zacharias , Anita Reimer , Andreas Zech

In this review, recent progress in theoretical models for the broadband (radio through gamma-ray) emission from blazars are summarized. The salient features of both leptonic and hadronic models are reviewed. I present sample modeling…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-03 Markus Boettcher

The spectral energy distribution and variability of several blazars (Mkn 501, 1 ES 2344+51.4, PKS 2155-30.4, 1 ES 1218+30.4, 3C 454.3) along the blazar sequence is investigated using a selfconsistent and timedependent lepto-hadronic hybrid…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-09-12 Matthias Weidinger , Felix Spanier

In this review, recent progress in theoretical models for blazar emission will be summarized. The salient features of both leptonic and lepto-hadronic approaches to modeling blazar spectral energy distributions will be reviewed. I will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-06-28 Markus Boettcher

We have generalized the Nanbu collision algorithm to accommodate arbitrary collision rates, enabling accurate kinetic modeling of short range particle interactions in non-Spitzer systems. With this extension, we explore the effect of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Alex M. Russell , Douglass W. Schumacher

The characteristic two-component blazar spectral energy distribution (SED) can be of either leptonic and/or hadronic origins. The potential association of the high-energy neutrino event IceCube-170922A with the flaring blazar TXS~0506+056…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-15 Haocheng Zhang , Ke Fang , Hui Li , Dimitrios Giannios , Markus Böttcher , Sara Buson

We present a novel method for the reconstruction of events containing pairs of hadronically decaying tau leptons at collider experiments. This method relies on accurate knowledge of the tau production vertex and precise measurement of its…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-11-13 Daniel Jeans

BL Lacertae was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign in the second half of 2000. In this paper, we are using leptonic and hadronic jet models to fit the observed broadband spectra and spectral variability patterns.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Boettcher , A. Reimer

Jets from supermassive black holes in the centers of active galaxies are the most powerful persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the Universe. To infer the physical conditions in the otherwise out-of-reach regions of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-13 A. Tzavellas , G. Vasilopoulos , M. Petropoulou , A. Mastichiadis , S. I. Stathopoulos

The identification of astrophysical sources responsible for high-energy cosmic neutrinos has long been a challenge. A significant milestone was achieved with the blazar TXS 0506+056, which was found to be in a flaring state of high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-27 Francesco Carenini , Matteo Cerruti
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