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Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference seeks to extract human-interpretable rules from time-series data, but existing methods lack formal confidence guarantees for the inferred rules. Conformal prediction (CP) is a technique that can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Danyang Li , Yixuan Wang , Matthew Cleaveland , Mingyu Cai , Roberto Tron

Real-world scenarios are characterized by timing uncertainties, e.g., delays, and disturbances. Algorithms with temporal robustness are crucial in guaranteeing the successful execution of tasks and missions in such scenarios. We study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Nhan-Khanh Le , Erfaun Noorani , Sandra Hirche , John Baras

In this paper, we study the control of dynamical systems under temporal logic task specifications using gradient-based methods relying on quantitative measures that express the extent to which the tasks are satisfied. A class of controllers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-06 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Property Specification Language (PSL) is a form of temporal logic that has been mainly used in discrete domains (e.g. formal hardware verification). In this paper, we show that by merging machine learning techniques with PSL monitors, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kevin Smith , Hai Lin , Praveen Tiwari , Marjorie Sayer , Claudionor Coelho

We develop model checking algorithms for Temporal Stream Logic (TSL) and Hyper Temporal Stream Logic (HyperTSL) modulo theories. TSL extends Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) with memory cells, functions and predicates, making it a convenient and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Bernd Finkbeiner , Hadar Frenkel , Jana Hofmann , Janine Lohse

There has been a growing interest in extracting formal descriptions of the system behaviors from data. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language used to describe spatial-temporal properties with interpretability. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Model checking for real-timed systems is a rich and diverse topic. Among the different logics considered, Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) is a powerful and commonly used logic, which can succinctly encode many interesting timed…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 S. Akshay , Prerak Contractor , Paul Gastin , R. Govind , B. Srivathsan

We present GradSTL, the first fully comprehensive implementation of signal temporal logic (STL) suitable for integration with neurosymbolic learning. In particular, GradSTL can successfully evaluate any STL constraint over any signal,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mark Chevallier , Filip Smola , Richard Schmoetten , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

As learned control policies become increasingly common in autonomous systems, there is increasing need to ensure that they are interpretable and can be checked by human stakeholders. Formal specifications have been proposed as ways to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Isabelle Hurley , Rohan Paleja , Ashley Suh , Jaime D. Peña , Ho Chit Siu

In the era of information explosion, spatio-temporal data mining serves as a critical part of urban management. Considering the various fields demanding attention, e.g., traffic state, human activity, and social event, predicting multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Zijian Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Qidong Liu , Chunxu Zhang , Qian Ma , Wanyu Wang , Hongwei Zhao , Yiqi Wang , Zitao Liu

This paper addresses decentralized control of large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems subject to bounded external disturbances and limited communication, with the objective of satisfying cooperative Signal Temporal Logic (STL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Tommaso Zaccherini , Siyuan Liu , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

Runtime monitoring checks, during execution, whether a partial signal produced by a hybrid system satisfies its specification. Signal First-Order Logic (SFO) offers expressive real-time specifications over such signals, but currently comes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Marek Chalupa , Thomas A. Henzinger , N. Ege Saraç , Emily Yu

We study certified runtime monitoring of past-time signal temporal logic (ptSTL) from visual observations under partial observability. The monitor must infer safety-relevant quantities from images and provide finite-sample guarantees, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Bardh Hoxha , Oliver Schön , Hideki Okamoto , Lars Lindemann , Georgios Fainekos

Motion planning of an autonomous system with high-level specifications has wide applications. However, research of formal languages involving timed temporal logic is still under investigation. Furthermore, many existing results rely on a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Zhiliang Li , Mingyu Cai , Shaoping Xiao , Zhen Kan

Temporal Logic (TL), especially Signal Temporal Logic (STL), enables precise formal specification, making it widely used in cyber-physical systems such as autonomous driving and robotics. Automatically transforming NL into STL is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yue Fang , Zhi Jin , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference learns interpretable logical rules for temporal behaviors in dynamical systems. To ensure the correctness of learned STL formulas, recent approaches have incorporated conformal prediction as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yixuan Wang , Danyang Li , Matthew Cleaveland , Roberto Tron , Mingyu Cai

In this paper we present a grammar and control synthesis framework for online modification of Event-based Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications, during execution. These modifications allow a user to change the robots' task in response…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-03 David Gundana , Hadas Kress-Gazit

In this work, we propose a novel method to find temporal properties that lead to the unexpected behaviors from labeled dataset. We express these properties in past time Signal Temporal Logic (ptSTL). First, we present a novel approach for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Mert Ergurtuna , Ebru Aydin Gol

This paper addresses a multi-robot planning problem in environments with partially unknown semantics. The environment is assumed to have known geometric structure (e.g., walls) and to be occupied by static labeled landmarks with uncertain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Yiannis Kantaros , Samarth Kalluraya , Qi Jin , George J. Pappas