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The deep learning, which is a dominating technique in artificial intelligence, has completely changed the image understanding over the past decade. As a consequence, the sea ice extraction (SIE) problem has reached a new era. We present a…
Various lake observables, including lake ice, are related to climate and climate change and provide a good opportunity for long-term monitoring. Lakes (and as part of them lake ice) is therefore considered an Essential Climate Variable…
Water (H2O) ice is an important solid constituent of many astrophysical environments. To comprehend the role of such ices in the chemistry and evolution of dense molecular clouds and comets, it is necessary to understand the freeze-out,…
Targeted ultra-high resolution Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of an ice core drilled in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia (CA) records changes in seasonal patterns of atmospheric…
The mass loss of the polar ice sheets contributes considerably to ongoing sea-level rise and changing ocean circulation, leading to coastal flooding and risking the homes and livelihoods of tens of millions of people globally. To address…
Ice is a major component of astrophysical environment - from interstellar molecular clouds through protoplanetary disks to evolved solar systems. Ice and complex organic matter coexist in these environments as well, and it is thought…
Radiometric infrared (IR) imaging is a valuable technique for remote-sensing applications in precision agriculture, such as irrigation monitoring, crop health assessment, and yield estimation. Low-cost uncooled non-radiometric IR cameras…
A longstanding problem in astrochemistry is how molecules can be maintained in the gas phase in dense inter- and circumstellar regions. Photodesorption is a non-thermal desorption mechanism, which may explain the small amounts of observed…
Geological carbon storage represents one of the few truly scalable technologies capable of reducing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. While this technology has the potential to scale, its success hinges on our ability to mitigate its…
Imaging ultracold atomic gases close to surfaces is an important tool for the detailed analysis of experiments carried out using atom chips. We describe the critical factors that need be considered, especially when the imaging beam is…
In this paper, we present a deep coupled learning frame- work to address the problem of matching polarimetric ther- mal face photos against a gallery of visible faces. Polariza- tion state information of thermal faces provides the miss- ing…
Visible-light observations of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) performed with coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers (in primis on board the SOHO and STEREO missions) have offered so far the best way to study the kinematics and geometrical…
The particle nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most significant enigmas in modern cosmology. Axion-like particles (ALPs), as well-motivated candidates for cold dark matter, can undergo radiative decay into photon pairs, a…
In this paper, we present a semiparametric model for describing the effect of temperature on Antarctic ice accumulation on a paleoclimatic time scale. The model is motivated by sharp ups and downs in the rate of ice accumulation apparent…
We analysed XMM-{\it Newton} EPIC data for 53 galaxy clusters. Through 2D spectral maps, we provide the most detailed and extended view of the spatial distribution of temperature (kT), pressure (P), entropy (S) and metallicity (Z) of galaxy…
The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) has been obtaining near- and far-ultraviolet images and spectra of the solar atmosphere since July 2013. The unique combination of near and far-ultraviolet spectra and images at subarcsecond…
A solar-type system starts from an initial molecular core that acquires organic complexity as it evolves. The so-called prestellar cores that can be studied are rare, which has hampered our understanding of how organic chemistry sets in and…
Heating and ionization are among the most fundamental processes in relativistic laser--solid interactions; however, their spatiotemporal evolution remains challenging to capture experimentally. Here we present detailed diagnosis of…
Arctic sea ice concentration is often coarsely observed and numerically computed despite its importance for polar climate system. In this work we present three machine-learning methods to recover the original high-resolution images from the…
The modelling of molecular excitation and dissociation processes relevant to astrochemistry requires the validation of theories by comparison with data generated from laboratory experimentation. The newly commissioned Ice Chamber for…