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Laser cooled atoms have proven transformative for precision metrology, playing a pivotal role in state-of-the-art clocks and interferometers, and having the potential to provide a step-change in our modern technological capabilities. To…
Ionization is critical in the formation and evolution of plasma dynamics; collisional ionization, in particular, is an often overlooked source of electrons when dealing with laser-plasma interactions. Ionization plays a crucial role in…
Sea ice at the North Pole is vital to global climate dynamics. However, accurately forecasting sea ice poses a significant challenge due to the intricate interaction among multiple variables. Leveraging the capability to integrate multiple…
The chemi-ionization (CI) processes in atom-Rydberg-atom collisions are investigated in this contribution. The rate coefficients for CI processes in $\textrm{Li}^{*}(n) + \textrm{Na}$, $\textrm{Li}^{*}(n) + \textrm{Li}$, $\textrm{Na}^{*}(n)…
This book chapter reviews progress in crystallographic image processing (CIP) for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that has occurred since our description of the technique was first put into open access in this book series in the year 2010.…
Context. "Snow lines", marking regions where abundant volatiles freeze out onto the surface of dust grains, play an important role for planet growth and bulk composition in protoplanetary disks. They can already be observed in the envelopes…
Photonic chips that integrate guides, switches, gratings and other components, process vast amounts of information rapidly on a single device. A new branch of this technology becomes possible if the light is coupled to cold atoms in a…
A sustainable burn platform through inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has been an ongoing challenge for over 50 years. Mitigating engineering limitations and improving the current design involves an understanding of the complex coupling of…
The properties of the ices that form in dense molecular clouds represent an important set of initial conditions in the evolution of interstellar and preplanetary matter in regions of active star formation. Of the various spectral features…
Deep learning based image compressed sensing (CS) has achieved great success. However, existing CS systems mainly adopt a fixed measurement matrix to images, ignoring the fact the optimal measurement numbers and bases are different for…
Sea ice cover in the Arctic and Antarctic is an important indicator of changes in the climate, with important environmental, economic and security consequences. The complexity of the spatio-temporal dynamics of sea ice makes it difficult to…
Cryogenic characterization of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers is a time- and labor-intensive process. As new experiments deploy larger and larger arrays of TES bolometers, the testing process will become more of a bottleneck. Thus…
Iris authentication algorithms have achieved impressive recognition performance, making them highly promising for real-world applications such as border control, citizen identification, and both criminal investigations and commercial…
The ice microstructure (grain boundaries) is a key feature used to study ice evolution and to investigate past climatic changes. We studied a deep ice core, in Dome Concordia, Antarctica, which records past mechanical deformations. We…
The study of photoionised gas in planetary nebulae (PNe) has played a major role in the achievement, over the years, of a better understanding of a number of physical processes, pertinent to a broader range of fields than that of PNe…
The ability to recognize the liquid surface and the liquid level in transparent containers is perhaps the most commonly used evaluation method when dealing with fluids. Such recognition is essential in determining the liquid volume, fill…
Ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) involving relativistic heavy ions are a unique laboratory to study quantum correlations. The intense electromagnetic fields generate high rates of photonuclear interactions, including events involving…
The intracluster medium (ICM), composed of hot plasma, dominates the baryonic content of galaxy clusters and is primarily observable in X-rays. Its thermodynamic properties, pressure, temperature, entropy, and electron density, offer…
In this review, we discuss the impact of the development of lasers on ultracold atoms and molecules and their applications. After a brief historical review of laser cooling and Bose-Einstein condensation, we present important applications…
Thermal cameras are an important tool for agricultural research because they allow for non-invasive measurement of plant temperature, which relates to important photochemical, hydraulic, and agronomic traits. Utilizing low-cost thermal…