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Variational Physics-Informed Neural Networks often suffer from poor convergence when using stochastic gradient-descent-based optimizers. By introducing a Least Squares solver for the weights of the last layer of the neural network, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Carlos Uriarte , Manuela Bastidas , David Pardo , Jamie M. Taylor , Sergio Rojas

The gradient descent approach is the key ingredient in variational quantum algorithms and machine learning tasks, which is an optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of an objective function. The quantum versions of gradient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Jin-Min Liang , Shi-Jie Wei , Shao-Ming Fei

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical approaches used for tackling a wide range of problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Testing these algorithms on relevant hardware is crucial to…

Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for quantum machine learning in the NISQ era. While parameter sharing in VQCs can reduce the parameter space dimensionality and potentially mitigate the barren plateau…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Gerhard Stenzel , Tobias Rohe , Michael Kölle , Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The gradient descent method aims at finding local minima of a given multivariate function by moving along the direction of its gradient, and hence, the algorithm typically involves computing all partial derivatives of a given function,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Nhat A. Nghiem

Solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices has gained a lot of attraction in recent years. Currently, most works have focused on single-objective problems, whereas many real-world applications need to consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Linus Ekstrom , Hao Wang , Sebastian Schmitt

Training quantum neural networks (QNNs) using gradient-based or gradient-free classical optimisation approaches is severely impacted by the presence of barren plateaus in the cost landscapes. In this paper, we devise a framework for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Yidong Liao , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Chris Ferrie

Grover's algorithm can be employed in global optimization methods providing, in some cases, a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms. This paper describes a new method for continuous global optimization problems that uses a classical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-01-22 Pedro Lara , Renato Portugal , Carlile Lavor

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms appear to be the most promising approach for near-term quantum applications. An important bottleneck is the classical optimization loop, where the multiple local minima and the emergence of barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Ioannis Kolotouros , Petros Wallden

While variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have demonstrated considerable success in unconstrained optimization, their application to constrained combinatorial problems face a trade-off. Penalty-based methods, despite their circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Hui-Min Li , Yuan-Liang Han , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are some of the most promising workloads for near-term quantum computers without error correction. The aim of these variational algorithms is to guide the quantum system to a target state that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Shavindra P. Premaratne , A. Y. Matsuura

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is considered to be one of the most promising applications of near term quantum devices. However, the optimization of quantum machine learning models presents numerous challenges arising from the imperfections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Owen Lockwood

Finding gradients is a crucial step in training machine learning models. For quantum neural networks, computing gradients using the parameter-shift rule requires calculating the cost function twice for each adjustable parameter in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Guang Ping He

Applying low-depth quantum neural networks (QNNs), variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are both promising and challenging in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era: Despite its remarkable progress, criticisms on the efficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Huan-Yu Liu , Zhao-Yun Chen , Tai-Ping Sun , Cheng Xue , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) hold great potentials for near-term applications and are promising to achieve quantum advantage on practical tasks. However, VQAs suffer from severe barren plateau problem as well as have a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Shuo Liu , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shao-Kai Jian , Hong Yao

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

In this study, we propose a new method for constrained combinatorial optimization using variational quantum circuits. Quantum computers are considered to have the potential to solve large combinatorial optimization problems faster than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hyakka Nakada , Kotaro Tanahashi , Shu Tanaka

Gradient descent method, as one of the major methods in numerical optimization, is the key ingredient in many machine learning algorithms. As one of the most fundamental way to solve the optimization problems, it promises the function value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-01 Keren Li , Shijie Wei , Feihao Zhang , Pan Gao , Zengrong Zhou , Tao Xin , Xiaoting Wang , Guilu Long

This work shows that minimizing the depth of a quantum circuit composed of commuting operations reduces to a vertex coloring problem on an appropriately constructed graph, where gates correspond to vertices and edges encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Hochang Lee , Kyung Chul Jeong , Panjin Kim

Classical algorithms for predicting the equilibrium geometry of strongly correlated molecules require expensive wave function methods that become impractical already for few-atom systems. In this work, we introduce a variational quantum…

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