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Human annotator simulation (HAS) serves as a cost-effective substitute for human evaluation such as data annotation and system assessment. Human perception and behaviour during human evaluation exhibit inherent variability due to diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wen Wu , Wenlin Chen , Chao Zhang , Philip C. Woodland

In prior work we have introduced an asymptotic threshold of sufficient randomness for causal inference from observational data. In this paper we extend that prior work in three main ways. First, we show how to empirically estimate a lower…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-07 Brian Knaeble , Braxton Osting , Placede Tshiaba

Items in a test are often used as a basis for making decisions and such tests are therefore required to have good psychometric properties, like unidimensionality. In many cases the sum score is used in combination with a threshold to decide…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-14 Lourens Waldorp , Maarten Marsman , Denny Borsboom

In Stack Overflow (SO), the quality of posts (i.e., questions and answers) is subjectively evaluated by users through a voting mechanism. The net votes (upvotes - downvotes) obtained by a post are often considered an approximation of its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Saikat Mondal , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

We address measurement error bias in propensity score (PS) analysis due to covariates that are latent variables. In the setting where latent covariate $X$ is measured via multiple error-prone items $\mathbf{W}$, PS analysis using several…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-13 Trang Quynh Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart

Affective states regulate our day to day to function and has a tremendous effect on mental and physical health. Detection of affective states is of utmost importance for mental health monitoring, smart entertainment selection and dynamic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ritam Ghosh

Sentiment analysis (SA) aims to identify the sentiment expressed in a text, such as a product review. Given a review and the sentiment associated with it, this work formulates SA as a combination of two tasks: (1) a causal discovery task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhiheng Lyu , Zhijing Jin , Fernando Gonzalez , Rada Mihalcea , Bernhard Schölkopf , Mrinmaya Sachan

The widespread adoption of automatic sentiment and emotion classifiers makes it important to ensure that these tools perform reliably across different populations. Yet their reliability is typically assessed using benchmarks that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ivan Smirnov , Segun T. Aroyehun , Paul Plener , David Garcia

Human society had a long history of suffering from cognitive biases leading to social prejudices and mass injustice. The prevalent existence of cognitive biases in large volumes of historical data can pose a threat of being manifested as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Procheta Sen , Debasis Ganguly

The goal of this article is to investigate how human participants allocate their limited time to decisions with different properties. We report the results of two behavioral experiments. In each trial of the experiments, the participant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-07-20 Arash Khodadadi , Pegah Fakhari , Jerome R. Busemeyer

We consider the issue of biases in scholarly research, specifically, in peer review. There is a long standing debate on whether exposing author identities to reviewers induces biases against certain groups, and our focus is on designing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-01 Ivan Stelmakh , Nihar B. Shah , Aarti Singh

Subjectivity is the expression of internal opinions or beliefs which cannot be objectively observed or verified, and has been shown to be important for sentiment analysis and word-sense disambiguation. Furthermore, subjectivity is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Johannes Bjerva , Nikita Bhutani , Behzad Golshan , Wang-Chiew Tan , Isabelle Augenstein

It is common to evaluate a set of items by soliciting people to rate them. For example, universities ask students to rate the teaching quality of their instructors, and conference organizers ask authors of submissions to evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Jingyan Wang , Ivan Stelmakh , Yuting Wei , Nihar B. Shah

In addition to objective indicators (e.g. laboratory values), clinical data often contain subjective evaluations by experts (e.g. disease severity assessments). While objective indicators are more transparent and robust, the subjective…

It is a commonplace perception that speed of time subjectively experienced by humans significantly differs from chronological (objective) time and shows a great deal of variability. An often cited example is the phenomenon of the time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-11 Vladimir Shiltsev

We use variation of test scores measuring closely related skills to isolate peer effects. The intuition for our identification strategy is that the difference in closely related scores eliminates factors common to the performance in either…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-03 Guido Kuersteiner , Ingmar Prucha , Ying Zeng

Affective Recommender Systems are an emerging class of intelligent systems that aim to enhance personalization by aligning recommendations with users' affective states. Reflecting a growing interest, a number of surveys have been published…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Tonmoy Hasan , Razvan Bunescu

Affective Behavior Analysis aims to develop emotionally intelligent technology that can recognize and respond to human emotions. To advance this field, the 7th Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) competition holds the Multi-Task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Chen Liu , Wei Zhang , Feng Qiu , Lincheng Li , Xin Yu

Theoretically as well as experimentally it is investigated how people represent their knowledge in order to make decisions or to share their knowledge with others. Experiment 1 probes into the ways how people 6ather information about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alf C. Zimmer

As the utilization of language models in interdisciplinary, human-centered studies grow, expectations of their capabilities continue to evolve. Beyond excelling at conventional tasks, models are now expected to perform well on user-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yuxiang Zhou , Hainiu Xu , Desmond C. Ong , Maria Liakata , Petr Slovak , Yulan He