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Detection of cyber attacks in smart power distribution grids with unbalanced configurations poses challenges due to the inherent nonlinear nature of these uncertain and stochastic systems. It originates from the intermittent characteristics…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Mehdi Jabbari Zideh , Mohammad Reza Khalghani , Sarika Khushalani Solanki

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks against powersystem state estimation are a growing concern for operators.Previously, most works on FDI attacks have been performedunder the assumption of the attacker having full knowledge ofthe underlying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Martin Higgins , Jiawei Zhang , Ning Zhang , Fei Teng

Incorporating advanced information and communication technologies into smart grids (SGs) offers substantial operational benefits while increasing vulnerability to cyber threats like false data injection (FDI) attacks. Current SG attack…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Nur Imtiazul Haque , Prabin Mali , Mohammad Zakaria Haider , Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman , Sumit Paudyal

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely used for graph analysis. Federated Graph Learning (FGL) is an emerging learning framework to collaboratively train graph data from various clients. Although FGL allows client data to remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Tong Cheng , Jie Fu , Xinpeng Ling , Huifa Li , Zhili Chen , Haifeng Qian , Junqing Gong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in modeling data with graph structures, yet recent research reveals their susceptibility to adversarial attacks. Traditional attack methodologies, which rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenlun Zhang , Enyan Dai , Kentaro Yoshioka

Graph neural network (GNN) have demonstrated exceptional performance in solving critical problems across diverse domains yet remain susceptible to backdoor attacks. Existing studies on backdoor attack for graph classification are limited to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Md Nabi Newaz Khan , Abdullah Arafat Miah , Yu Bi

This paper proposes a joint multi-objective optimization framework for strategic sensor placement in power systems to enhance attack detection. A novel physics-informed graph transformer network (PIGTN)-based detection model is proposed.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mariam Elnour , Mohammad AlShaikh Saleh , Rachad Atat , Xiang Huo , Abdulrahman Takiddin , Muhammad Ismail , Hasan Kurban , Katherine R. Davis , Erchin Serpedin

For a safe and reliable operation of the smart grid, timely detection of cyber-attacks is of critical importance. Moreover, considering smarter and more capable attackers, robust detection mechanisms are needed against a diverse range of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Mehmet Necip Kurt , Yasin Yilmaz , Xiaodong Wang

One of the key advantages of Federated Learning (FL) is its ability to collaboratively train a Machine Learning (ML) model while keeping clients' data on-site. However, this can create a false sense of security. Despite not sharing private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Vincenzo Carletti , Pasquale Foggia , Carlo Mazzocca , Giuseppe Parrella , Mario Vento

Power grids increasingly need real-time situational awareness under the ever-evolving cyberthreat landscape. Advances in snapshot-based system identification approaches have enabled accurately estimating states and topology from a snapshot…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Shimiao Li , Guannan Qu , Bryan Hooi , Vyas Sekar , Soummya Kar , Larry Pileggi

This study employs Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to efficiently model the inherent graph network structure of the smart grid data to address the cyberattack localization problem. First, we numerically analyze…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Osman Boyaci , M. Rasoul Narimani , Katherine Davis , Erchin Serpedin

Node injection attacks on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention recently, due to their ability to degrade GNN performance with high attack success rates. However, our study indicates that these attacks often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Shuchang Tao , Qi Cao , Huawei Shen , Yunfan Wu , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Xueqi Cheng

Power systems are moving towards hybrid AC/DC grids with the integration of HVDC links, renewable resources and energy storage modules. New models of frequency control have to consider the complex interactions between these components.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kaikai Pan , Elyas Rakhshani , Peter Palensky

False data injection attacks (FDIAs) pose a persistent challenge to AC power system state estimation. In current practice, detection relies primarily on topology-aware residual-based tests that assume malicious measurements can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chenhan Xiao , Yang Weng

Detecting intrusions in network traffic is a challenging task, particularly under limited supervision and constantly evolving attack patterns. While recent works have leveraged graph neural networks for network intrusion detection, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lorenzo Guerra , Thomas Chapuis , Guillaume Duc , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Van-Tam Nguyen

In this work, we propose the first backdoor attack to graph neural networks (GNN). Specifically, we propose a \emph{subgraph based backdoor attack} to GNN for graph classification. In our backdoor attack, a GNN classifier predicts an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Zaixi Zhang , Jinyuan Jia , Binghui Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Rapidly shrinking technology node and voltage scaling increase the susceptibility of Soft Errors in digital circuits. Soft Errors are radiation-induced effects while the radiation particles such as Alpha, Neutrons or Heavy Ions, interact…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Aneesh Balakrishnan , Thomas Lange , Maximilien Glorieux , Dan Alexandrescu , Maksim Jenihhin

Backdoor attacks in the traditional graph neural networks (GNNs) field are easily detectable due to the dilemma of confusing labels. To explore the backdoor vulnerability of GNNs and create a more stealthy backdoor attack method, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xiaogang Xing , Ming Xu , Yujing Bai , Dongdong Yang

The reliable operation of power grid is supported by energy management systems (EMS) that provide monitoring and control functionalities. Contingency analysis is a critical application of EMS to evaluate the impacts of outages and prepare…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Xiaorui Liu , Yaodan Hu , Charalambos Konstantinou , Yier Jin

Understanding smart grid cyber attacks is key for developing appropriate protection and recovery measures. Advanced attacks pursue maximized impact at minimized costs and detectability. This paper conducts risk analysis of combined data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Kaikai Pan , André Teixeira , Milos Cvetkovic , Peter Palensky