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In this paper, we investigated four applications of the gauge transformation for the BKP hierarchy. Firstly, it is found that the orbit of the gauge transformation for the constrained BKP hierarchy defines a special $(2 +1)$-dimensional…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2013-02-26 Jipeng Cheng , Jingsong He

Multicurrent correlators associated to KP $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type are used as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers. These are expressed as formal Taylor series and used to compute generic, simple, rational and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 M. Bertola , J. Harnad , B. Runov

We study a $b$-deformation of monotone Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We give an evolution equation for this model and derive from it Virasoro constraints, thereby proving a conjecture…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-18 Valentin Bonzom , Guillaume Chapuy , Maciej Dołęga

We consider a special class of solutions of the BKP hierarchy which we call $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type. These are series in Schur $Q$-functions over partitions, with coefficients parameterised by a function of one variable…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 J. J. C. Nimmo , A. Yu. Orlov

We study the spin Gromov-Witten (GW) theory of $\mathbb{P}^1$. Using the standard torus action on $\mathbb{P}^1$, we prove that the associated equivariant potential can be expressed by means of operator formalism and satisfies the 2-BKP…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Alessandro Giacchetto , Reinier Kramer , Danilo Lewański , Adrien Sauvaget

We introduce a useful and rather simple classes of BKP tau functions which which we shall shall call "easy tau functions". We consider the "large BKP hiearchy" related to $O(2\infty +1)$ which was introduced in \cite{KvdLbispec} (which is…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2016-12-02 A. Orlov , T. Shiota , K. Takasaki

A fermionic representation is given for all the quantities entering in the generating function approach to weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion. This includes: KP and 2D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type, which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 A. Alexandrov , G. Chapuy , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

In this paper, we investigate a series of W-type differential operators, which appear naturally in the symmetry algebras of KP and BKP hierarchies. In particular, they include all operators in the W-constraints for tau functions of higher…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Xiaobo Liu , Chenglang Yang

Using matrix model, Mironov and Morozov recently gave a formula which represents Kontsevich-Witten tau-function as a linear expansion of Schur Q-polynomials. In this paper, we will show directly that the Q-polynomial expansion in this…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Xiaobo Liu , Chenglang Yang

Hurwitz theory provides a large variety of enumerative problems related to algebraic geometry, mathematical physics, and combinatorics. We give a general framework to approach the large genus asymptotics of Hurwitz theory using only…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Davide Accadia , Danilo Lewański , Giulio Ruzza

We study multi-matrix models which may be viewed as integrals of products of tau functions which depend on the eigenvalues of products of random matrices. In the present paper we consider tau functions of the hierarchy the two-component KP…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-10-24 A. Yu. Orlov

The construction of hypergeometric $2D$ Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers is extended to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of multispecies weighted Hurwitz numbers,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 J. Harnad

We study $\hbar$ expansion of the KP hierarchy following Takasaki-Takebe arXiv:hep-th/9405096 considering several examples of matrix model $\tau$-functions with natural genus expansion. Among the examples there are solutions of KP equations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-15 A. Andreev , A. Popolitov , A. Sleptsov , A. Zhabin

The isomonodromic tau-function for the Hurwitz spaces of branched coverings of genus zero and one are constructed explicitly. Such spaces may be equipped with the structure of a Frobenius manifold and this introduces a flat coordinate…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-16 A. Kokotov , I. A. B. Strachan

A multiparametric family of 2D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type is shown to provide generating functions for composite, signed Hurwitz numbers that enumerate certain classes of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere and paths…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 J. Harnad , A. Yu. Orlov

Weighted constellations give graphical representations of weighted branched coverings of the Riemann sphere. They were introduced to provide a combinatorial interpretation of the $2$D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type serving as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 J. Harnad , B. Runov

We introduce a one-parameter deformation of the 2-Toda tau-function of (weighted) Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We show that its coefficients are polynomials in the deformation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Guillaume Chapuy , Maciej Dołęga

We present the fermionic representation for the q-deformed hypergeometric functions related to Schur polynomials considered by S.Milne \cite{Milne}. For $q=1$ these functions are also known as hypergeometric functions of matrix argument…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Yu. Orlov , D. M. Scherbin

Based on the work of Itzykson and Zuber on Kontsevich's integrals, we give a geometric interpretation and a simple proof of Zhou's explicit formula for the Witten-Kontsevich tau function. More precisely, we show that the numbers…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-01-15 Ferenc Balogh , Di Yang

We consider the Gaudin model associated to a point z in C^n with pairwise distinct coordinates and to the subspace of singular vectors of a given weight in the tensor product of irreducible finite-dimensional sl_2-representations, [G]. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 I. Scherbak