English
Related papers

Related papers: How Many Online Workers are there in the World? A …

200 papers

AI generates both enthusiasm and disillusionment, with promises that often go unfulfilled. It is therefore not surprising that human labor, which is its fundamental component, is also subject to these same deceptions. The development of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Matheus Viana Braz , Paola Tubaro , Antonio A. Casilli

Substantial scholarship has estimated the susceptibility of jobs to automation, but little has examined how job contents evolve in the information age as new technologies substitute for tasks, shifting required skills rather than…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Di Tong , Lingfei Wu , James Allen Evans

Digital media have enabled the access to unprecedented literary knowledge. Authors, readers, and scholars are now able to discover and share an increasing amount of information about books and their authors. However, these sources of…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Marco Antonio Stranisci , Eleonora Bernasconi , Viviana Patti , Stefano Ferilli , Miguel Ceriani , Rossana Damiano

Open source software has an increasing importance in our modern society, providing basic services to other software systems and also supporting the rapid development of a variety of end-user applications. Recently, world-wide code sharing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Thais Mombach , Marco Tulio Valente , Cuiting Chen , Magiel Bruntink , Gustavo Pinto

Although the share of platform work is very small compared to conventional and traditional employment system, research shows that the use of platform work is increasingly growing all over the world. Trade unions have also paid special…

General Economics · Economics 2021-02-09 Szilvia Borbely , Csaba Mako , Miklos Illessy , Saeed Nostrabadi

We perform a large-scale analysis of third-party trackers on the World Wide Web from more than 3.5 billion web pages of the CommonCrawl 2012 corpus. We extract a dataset containing more than 140 million third-party embeddings in over 41…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Sebastian Schelter , Jérôme Kunegis

In 2013, scholars laid out a framework for a sustainable, ethical future of crowd work, recommending career ladders so that crowd work can lead to career advancement and more economic mobility. Five years later, we consider this vision in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Anna Kasunic , Chun-Wei Chiang , Geoff Kaufman , Saiph Savage

Sex work, or the exchange of sexual services for money or goods, is ubiquitous across eras and cultures. However, the practice of selling sex is often hidden due to stigma and the varying legal status of sex work. Online platforms that sex…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Alicia Mergenthaler , Taha Yasseri

Digital platforms capitalize on users' labor, often disguising essential contributions as casual activities or consumption, regardless of users' recognition of their efforts. Data annotation, content creation, and engagement with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Antonio A. Casilli

Fairness in AI and ML systems is increasingly linked to the proper treatment and recognition of data workers involved in training dataset development. Yet, those who collect and annotate the data, and thus have the most intimate knowledge…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Annabel Rothschild , Ding Wang , Niveditha Jayakumar Vilvanathan , Lauren Wilcox , Carl DiSalvo , Betsy DiSalvo

From health to education, income impacts a huge range of life choices. Earlier research has leveraged data from online social networks to study precisely this impact. In this paper, we ask the opposite question: do different levels of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Waleed Iqbal , Vahid Ghafouri , Gareth Tyson , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil , Ignacio Castro

Under increasing scrutiny, many web companies now offer bespoke mechanisms allowing any third party to file complaints (e.g., requesting the de-listing of a URL from a search engine). While this self-regulation might be a valuable web…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Damilola Ibosiola , Ignacio Castro , Gianluca Stringhini , Steve Uhlig , Gareth Tyson

The potential impact of automation on the labor market is a topic that has generated significant interest and concern amongst scholars, policymakers, and the broader public. A number of studies have estimated occupation-specific risk…

With the continuous growth of online 3D printing community and the democratization of 3D printers, growing number of users start sharing their own 3D designs on open platforms, enabling a wide audience to search, download, and 3D print…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Chen Liang , Nahyun Kwon , Jeeeun Kim

Cities worldwide exhibit a variety of street network patterns and configurations that shape human mobility, equity, health, and livelihoods. This study models and analyzes the street networks of every urban area in the world, using…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-10 Geoff Boeing

In France, for administrative reasons, unemployed workers may actually be involved in occasional work while remaining identified as unemployed (and receiving the corresponding benefit). This is due to the fact that the unemployed are deemed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Patrice Gaubert , Marie Cottrell

General-purpose crowdsourcing platforms are increasingly being harnessed for creative work. The platforms' potential for creative work is clearly identified, but the workers' perspectives on such work have not been extensively documented.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Jonas Oppenlaender , Kristy Milland , Aku Visuri , Panos Ipeirotis , Simo Hosio

Outsourcing tasks to previously unknown parties is becoming more common. One specific such problem involves matching a set of workers to a set of tasks. Even if the latter have precise requirements, the quality of individual workers is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Philip Ekman , Sebastian Bellevik , Christos Dimitrakakis , Aristide Tossou

Recent waves of technological transformation are reshaping work in uncertain and hard-to-predict ways. However, jobs at the forefront of the digitizing economy offer an early glimpse of these changes and leave rich activity traces. We…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-10 Xiangnan Feng , Johannes Wachs , Simone Daniotti , Frank Neffke

The rapid expansion of high-speed internet has led to the emergence of new digital jobs, such as digital influencers, fitness models, and adult models who share content on subscription-based social media platforms. Across two experiments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Paul H. P. Hanel , Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho , Jennifer Haase