Related papers: A $p$-adic Approach To Piecewise Polynomial Dynami…

This article introduces a new kind of number systems on $p$-adic integers which is inspired by the well-known $3n+1$ conjecture of Lothar Collatz. A $p$-adic system is a piecewise function on $\mathbb{Z}_p$ which has branches for all…

We represent the generalized Collatz function with the recursive ruler function r(2n) = r(n) + 1 and r(2n + 1) = 1. We generate even-only and odd-only Collatz subsequences that contain significantly fewer elements term by term, to 2 and 1,…

Let $q$ be an odd prime, and let $T_{q}:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ be the Shortened $qx+1$ map, defined by $T_{q}\left(n\right)=n/2$ if $n$ is even and $T_{q}\left(n\right)=\left(qn+1\right)/2$ if $n$ is odd. The study of the dynamics…

A polynomial of degree $\ge 2$ with coefficients in the ring of $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Z}_p$ is studied as a dynamical system on $\mathbb{Z}_p$. It is proved that the dynamical behavior of such a system is totally described by its…

In this paper, we present a new method for the analysis of piecewise dynamical systems that are similar to the Collatz conjecture in regard to certain properties of the commutator of their sub-functions. We use the fact that the commutator…

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

On the set of positive integers, we consider the iterative process that maps $n$ to either $\frac{3n+1}{2}$ or $\frac{n}{2}$ depending on the parity of $n$. The Collatz conjecture states that all such sequences eventually enter the trivial…

This study analyzes the Collatz map through nonlinear dynamics. By embedding integers in Sharkovsky's ordering, we show that odd initial values suffice for full dynamical characterization. We introduce ``direction phases'' to partition…

The Collatz conjecture is explored using polynomials based on a binary numeral system. It is shown that the degree of the polynomials, on average, decreases after a finite number of steps of the Collatz operation, which provides a weak…

In this paper, we investigate a class of Collatz-like problems associated with weakly and strongly admissible triplets of integers. This framework extends the classical Collatz mapping, providing a systematic method for generating triplets…

The present work focuses on the study of the renowned Collatz conjecture, also known as the $3x +1$ problem. The distinguished analysis approach lies on the dynamics of an iterative map in binary form. A new estimation of the enlargement of…

In the paper, some special linear combinations of the terms of rational cycles of generalized Collatz sequences are studied. It is proved that if the coefficients of the linear combinations satisfy some conditions then these linear…

The Collatz function is defined as C(n) = n / 2 if n is even and C(n) = 3n + 1 if n is odd. The Collatz conjecture states that every sequence generated by the Collatz function ends with the cycle (4, 2, 1) after a finite number of…

Let $\dot{z}=f(z)$ be a holomorphic differential equation with center at $p$. In this paper we are concerned about studying the piecewise perturbation systems $\dot{z}=f(z)+\epsilon R^\pm(z,\overline{z}),$ where $R^\pm(z,\overline{z})$ are…

The Collatz conjecture states that repeated steps of $n\mathrm{\to }\mathrm{3}n\mathrm{+1}$ at odd numbers and $n\mathrm{\to }n\mathrm{/2}$ at even numbers amount to walks over root paths to the branching number $c=4$ in the `trivial'…

The Collatz conjecture (also known as the $3x+1$ problem) concerns the behavior of the discrete dynamical system on the positive integers defined by iteration of the so-called $3x + 1$ function. We investigate analogous dynamical systems in…

Let $q$ be an odd prime, and let $T_{q}:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ be the Shortened $qx+1$ map, defined by $T_{q}\left(n\right)=n/2$ if $n$ is even and $T_{q}\left(n\right)=\left(qn+1\right)/2$ if $n$ is odd. The study of the dynamics…

What use can there be for a function from the $p$-adic numbers to the $q$-adic numbers, where $p$ and $q$ are distinct primes? The traditional answer, courtesy of the half-century old theory of non-archimedean functional analysis: not much.…

We present the long sought visual pattern in the Collatz problem with the aid of a logarithmic spiral. Using this newly discovered pattern, we show that the Collatz problem is linked to primes via Jacobsthal numbers. We then prove that no…

We collect and organise known results and add some new ones of the following nature: if A is a bounded operator in a Hilbert or Banach space, does there exist a nonconstant polynomial p(z) such that p(A) is "simpler", "nicer" than A. The…