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The explanation dimension of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system has been a hot topic for the past years. Different communities have raised concerns about the increasing presence of AI in people's everyday tasks and how it can affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Juliana Jansen Ferreira , Mateus Monteiro

Recent XAI studies have investigated what constitutes a \textit{good} explanation in AI-assisted decision-making. Despite the widely accepted human-friendly properties of explanations, such as contrastive and selective, existing studies…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Yongsu Ahn , Yu-Ru Lin , Malihe Alikhani , Eunjeong Cheon

Understanding the behavior of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring their safe and reliable use. However, existing explainable AI (XAI) methods for LLMs primarily rely on word-level explanations, which are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Robin Shing Moon Chan , Daniel Fürst , Hendrik Strobelt , Mennatallah El-Assady

Fairness-aware machine learning has attracted a surge of attention in many domains, such as online advertising, personalized recommendation, and social media analysis in web applications. Fairness-aware machine learning aims to eliminate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jing Ma , Ruocheng Guo , Aidong Zhang , Jundong Li

With the advances in artificial intelligence (AI), data-driven algorithms are becoming increasingly popular in the medical domain. However, due to the nonlinear and complex behavior of many of these algorithms, decision-making by such…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-18 Amirehsan Ghasemi , Soheil Hashtarkhani , David L Schwartz , Arash Shaban-Nejad

Counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning underpin numerous techniques for auditing and understanding artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The traditional paradigm for counterfactual reasoning in this literature is the interventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

We propose a BlackBox Counterfactual Explainer, designed to explain image classification models for medical applications. Classical approaches (e.g., saliency maps) that assess feature importance do not explain "how" imaging features in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Sumedha Singla , Motahhare Eslami , Brian Pollack , Stephen Wallace , Kayhan Batmanghelich

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods especially machine learning techniques have increased in recent years. Classification algorithms have been successfully applied to different problems such as requirement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Behnaz Jamasb , Reza Akbari , Seyed Raouf Khayami

With the advent of larger and more complex deep learning models, such as in Natural Language Processing (NLP), model qualities like explainability and interpretability, albeit highly desirable, are becoming harder challenges to tackle and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Artificial intelligence is increasingly leveraged across various domains to automate decision-making processes that significantly impact human lives. In medical image analysis, deep learning models have demonstrated remarkable performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Julia Siekiera , Stefan Kramer

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

Machine learning based decision making systems applied in safety critical areas require reliable high certainty predictions. For this purpose, the system can be extended by an reject option which allows the system to reject inputs where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

There are concerns about the reliability and safety of artificial intelligence (AI) based on sub-symbolic neural networks because its decisions cannot be explained explicitly. This is the black box problem of modern AI. At the same time,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 V. L. Kalmykov , L. V. Kalmykov

Computer Vision, and hence Artificial Intelligence-based extraction of information from images, has increasingly received attention over the last years, for instance in medical diagnostics. While the algorithms' complexity is a reason for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Christian Meske , Enrico Bunde

Algorithmic solutions have significant potential to improve decision-making across various domains, from healthcare to e-commerce. However, the widespread adoption of these solutions is hindered by a critical challenge: the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zuzanna Bączek , Michał Bizoń , Aneta Pawelec , Piotr Sankowski

Recent advances in deep learning have improved multivariate time series (MTS) classification and regression by capturing complex patterns, but their lack of transparency hinders decision-making. Explainable AI (XAI) methods offer partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alan G. Paredes Cetina , Kaouther Benguessoum , Raoni Lourenço , Sylvain Kubler

Decisions in organizations are about evaluating alternatives and choosing the one that would best serve organizational goals. To the extent that the evaluation of alternatives could be formulated as a predictive task with appropriate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Charles Wan , Rodrigo Belo , Leid Zejnilović

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are becoming increasingly prevalent in society. However, application of such systems without understanding them can be problematic. Black-box AI systems can lead to liability and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay