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We explore value-based solutions for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks in the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) regime popularized recently. However, VDN and QMIX are representative examples that use the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kyunghwan Son , Daewoo Kim , Wan Ju Kang , David Earl Hostallero , Yung Yi

Recently, deep multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has become a highly active research area as many real-world problems can be inherently viewed as multiagent systems. A particularly interesting and widely applicable class of problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Yaodong Yang , Jianye Hao , Guangyong Chen , Hongyao Tang , Yingfeng Chen , Yujing Hu , Changjie Fan , Zhongyu Wei

Bias problems in the estimation of $Q$-values are a well-known obstacle that slows down convergence of $Q$-learning and actor-critic methods. One of the reasons of the success of modern RL algorithms is partially a direct or indirect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leif Döring , Benedikt Wille , Maximilian Birr , Mihail Bîrsan , Martin Slowik

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

Controlling artificial agents from visual sensory data is an arduous task. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can succeed but require large amounts of interactions between the agent and the environment. To alleviate the issue,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Sai Rajeswar , Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Alexandre Piché , Bart Dhoedt , Aaron Courville , Alexandre Lacoste

Q-learning is a popular Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm which is widely used in practice with function approximation (Mnih et al., 2015). In contrast, existing theoretical results are pessimistic about Q-learning. For example, (Baird,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Naman Agarwal , Syomantak Chaudhuri , Prateek Jain , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Praneeth Netrapalli

In recent years, quantum computing (QC) has been getting a lot of attention from industry and academia. Especially, among various QC research topics, variational quantum circuit (VQC) enables quantum deep reinforcement learning (QRL). Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Won Joon Yun , Yunseok Kwak , Jae Pyoung Kim , Hyunhee Cho , Soyi Jung , Jihong Park , Joongheon Kim

In reinforcement learning (RL), Q-learning is a fundamental algorithm whose convergence is guaranteed in the tabular setting. However, this convergence guarantee does not hold under linear function approximation. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hyukjun Yang , Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its attractive capability of learning policies from offline datasets without environmental interactions. Despite some success in the single-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Xiangsen Wang , Haoran Xu , Yinan Zheng , Xianyuan Zhan

Robust reinforcement learning (RRL) aims at seeking a robust policy to optimize the worst case performance over an uncertainty set of Markov decision processes (MDPs). This set contains some perturbed MDPs from a nominal MDP (N-MDP) that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ukjo Hwang , Songnam Hong

In the real world, many tasks require multiple agents to cooperate with each other under the condition of local observations. To solve such problems, many multi-agent reinforcement learning methods based on Centralized Training with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Yunpeng Bai , Guoliang Fan

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning is challenging due to the coupling effect of both distribution shift issue common in offline setting and the high dimension issue common in multi-agent setting, making the action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Jianzhun Shao , Yun Qu , Chen Chen , Hongchang Zhang , Xiangyang Ji

There exist many algorithms for learning how to play repeated bimatrix games. Most of these algorithms are justified in terms of some sort of theoretical guarantee. On the other hand, little is known about the empirical performance of these…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Erik Zawadzki , Asher Lipson , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy learning from fixed datasets without further environment interaction, making it particularly valuable in high-risk or costly domains. Extreme $Q$-Learning (XQL) is a recent offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinming Gao , Shangzhe Li , Yujin Cai , Wenwu Yu

Reinforcement learning algorithms based on Q-learning are driving Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) research towards solving complex problems and achieving super-human performance on many of them. Nevertheless, Q-Learning is known to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Andrea Cini , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Cesare Alippi

Reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising data-driven approach for adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) in complex urban traffic networks, with deep neural networks substantially augmenting its learning capabilities. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yuli Zhang , Shangbo Wang , Dongyao Jia , Pengfei Fan , Ruiyuan Jiang , Hankang Gu , Andy H. F. Chow

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a foundational approach for addressing diverse, intelligent control tasks in various scenarios like the Internet of Vehicles, Internet of Things, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiaoxue Yu , Rongpeng Li , Chengchao Liang , Zhifeng Zhao

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) algorithms extend conventional reinforcement learning (RL) to the more general case of problems with multiple, conflicting objectives, represented by vector-valued rewards. Widely-used scalar RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Peter Vamplew , Ethan , Watkins , Cameron Foale , Richard Dazeley

Multi-agent reinforcement learning methods such as VDN, QMIX, and QTRAN that adopt centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) framework have shown promising results in cooperation and competition. However, in some multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jiajun Chai , Weifan Li , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao , Zhe Ma , Kewu Sun , Jishiyu Ding

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a trending paradigm for training reasoning large language models (LLMs). However, due to the autoregressive decoding nature of LLMs, the rollout process becomes the efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuhang Li , Reena Elangovan , Xin Dong , Priyadarshini Panda , Brucek Khailany
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