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Fault-proneness is an indication of programming errors that decreases software quality and maintainability. On the contrary, code smell is a symptom of potential design problems which has impact on fault-proneness. In the literature,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Md. Masudur Rahman , Toukir Ahammed , Md. Mahbubul Alam Joarder , Kazi Sakib

Nowadays, modern applications are developed using components written in different programming languages. These systems introduce several advantages. However, as the number of languages increases, so does the challenges related to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Mouna Abidi , Md Saidur Rahman , Moses Openja , Foutse Khomh

Technical Debt, considered by many to be the 'silent killer' of software projects, has undeniably become part of the everyday vocabulary of software engineers. We know it compromises the internal quality of a system, either deliberately or…

Technical debt---design shortcuts taken to optimize for delivery speed---is a critical part of long-term software costs. Consequently, automatically detecting technical debt is a high priority for software practitioners. Software quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Neil A. Ernst , Stephany Bellomo , Ipek Ozkaya , Robert L. Nord

Keeping track of and managing Self-Admitted Technical Debts (SATDs) are important to maintaining a healthy software project. This requires much time and effort from human experts to identify the SATDs manually. The current automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Zhe Yu , Fahmid Morshed Fahid , Huy Tu , Tim Menzies

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev

Context: Logging is an important part of modern software projects; logs are used in several tasks such as debugging and testing. Due to the complex nature of logging, it remains a difficult task with several pitfalls that could have serious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Nyyti Saarimäki , Donghwan Shin , Domenico Bianculli

Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) refers to the phenomenon where developers explicitly acknowledge technical debt through comments in the source code. While considerable research has focused on detecting and addressing SATD, its true…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shaiful Chowdhury , Hisham Kidwai , Muhammad Asaduzzaman

Software design smells are design attributes which violate the fundamental design principles. Design smells are a key cause of design debt. Although the activities of design smell identification and measurement are predominantly considered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

Enterprise Architecture Debt (EA Debt) arises from suboptimal design decisions and misaligned components that can degrade an organization's IT landscape over time. Early indicators, Enterprise Architecture Smells (EA Smells), are currently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Christin Pagels , Simon Hacks , Rob Henk Bemthuis

Machine learning (ML) codebases face unprecedented challenges in maintaining code quality and sustainability as their complexity grows exponentially. While traditional code smell detection tools exist, they fail to address ML-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

Technical Debt is a metaphor used to describe the situation in which long-term software artifact quality is traded for short-term goals in software projects. In recent years, the concept of self-admitted technical debt (SATD) was proposed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Shane McIntosh , Hideaki Hata , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

Background. Architectural smells and code smells are symptoms of bad code or design that can cause different quality problems, such as faults, technical debt, or difficulties with maintenance and evolution. Some studies show that code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Francesca Arcelli Fontanaa , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Riccardo Roveda , Davide Taibi

Similarly to production code, code smells also occur in test code, where they are called test smells. Test smells have a detrimental effect not only on test code but also on the production code that is being tested. To date, the majority of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Tongjie Wang , Yaroslav Golubev , Oleg Smirnov , Jiawei Li , Timofey Bryksin , Iftekhar Ahmed

Code review that detects and locates defects and other quality issues plays an important role in software quality control. One type of issue that may impact the quality of software is code smells. Yet, little is known about the extent to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Xiaofeng Han , Amjed Tahir , Peng Liang , Steve Counsell , Kelly Blincoe , Bing Li , Yajing Luo

Performance antipatterns document bad design patterns that have negative influence on system performance. In our previous work we formalized such antipatterns as logical predicates that predicate on four views: (i) the static view that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Antinisca Di Marco , Catia Trubiani

Context: The term technical debt (TD) describes the aggregation of sub-optimal solutions that serve to impede the evolution and maintenance of a system. Some claim that the broken windows theory (BWT), a concept borrowed from criminology,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-29 William Levén , Hampus Broman , Terese Besker , Richard Torkar

Technical Debt (TD) refers to the situation where developers make trade-offs to achieve short-term goals at the expense of long-term code quality, which can have a negative impact on the quality of software systems. In the context of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Liming Fu , Peng Liang , Zeeshan Rasheed , Zengyang Li , Amjed Tahir , Xiaofeng Han

Context: Security is vital to software developed for commercial or personal use. Although more organizations are realizing the importance of applying secure coding practices, in many of them, security concerns are not known or addressed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Kazi Zakia Sultana , Zadia Codabux , Byron Williams

Complexity of products, volatility in global markets, and the increasingly rapid pace of innovations may make it difficult to know how to approach challenging situations in mechatronic design and production. Technical Debt (TD) is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Fandi Bi , Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Litong Xu