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Related papers: Experiences on Managing Technical Debt with Code S…

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While technical debt grows in absolute numbers as software systems evolve over time, the density of technical debt (technical debt divided by lines of code) is reduced in some cases. This can be explained by either the application of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-20 George Digkas , Alexander Chatzigeorgiou , Apostolos Ampatzoglou , Paris Avgeriou

To effectively manage Technical Debt (TD), we need reliable means to quantify it. We conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) where we identified TD quantification approaches that focus on different aspects of TD. Some approaches base the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Judith Perera , Ewan Tempero , Yu-Cheng Tu , Kelly Blincoe

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

Code smells are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices, which might hinder comprehension, increase code complexity and fault-proneness and decrease maintainability of software systems. The aim of our study was to perform a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Peter Kokol , Marko Kokol , Sašo Zagoranski

Context: Technical Debt (TD) discusses the negative impact of sub-optimal decisions to cope with the need-for-speed in software development. Code Technical Debt Items (TDI) are atomic elements of TD that can be observed in code artefacts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Ehsan Zabardast , Kwabena Ebo Bennin , Javier Gonzalez-Huerta

Building on the computer science concept of code smells, we initiate the study of law smells, i.e., patterns in legal texts that pose threats to the comprehensibility and maintainability of the law. With five intuitive law smells as running…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Corinna Coupette , Dirk Hartung , Janis Beckedorf , Maximilian Böther , Daniel Martin Katz

Context: Technical debt (TD) is a widely studied metaphor that helps to explain how sub-optimal decisions that can harm software maintainability over time. Although incurring TD is not intrinsically bad, tracking and managing TD are crucial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 João Paulo Biazotto , Daniel Feitosa , Paris Avgeriou , Elisa Yumi Nakagawa

A code smell is a surface indicator of an inherent problem in the system, most often due to deviation from standard coding practices on the developers part during the development phase. Studies observe that code smells made the code more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Himanshu Gupta , Abhiram Anand Gulanikar , Lov Kumar , Lalita Bhanu Murthy Neti

Technical debt refers to the trade-offs between code quality and faster delivery, impacting future development with increased complexity, bugs, and costs. This study empirically analyzes the additional work effort caused by technical debt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kartik Gupta

Community smells reflect poor organizational practices that often lead to socio-technical issues and the accumulation of Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). While prior studies have explored these problems in general software systems,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Shamse Tasnim Cynthia , Nuri Almarimi , Banani Roy

Context: Social debt describes the accumulation of unforeseen project costs (or potential costs) from sub-optimal software development processes. Community smells are sociotechnical anti-patterns and one source of social debt that impact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Eduardo Cabllero-Espinosa , Jeffrey C. Carver , Kimberly Stowers

Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) is considered as the most significant type of TD in industrial practice. In this study, we interview 21 software engineers and architects to investigate a specific type of ATD, namely architectural smells…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Darius Sas , Ilaria Pigazzini , Paris Avgeriou , Francesca Arcelli Fontana

Background. Technical debt (TD) has long been one of the key factors influencing the maintainability of software products. It represents technical compromises that sacrifice long-term software quality for potential short-term benefits.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xiaozhou Li , Matteo Esposito , Andrea Janes , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Programming problems can be solved in a multitude of functionally correct ways, but the quality of these solutions (e.g. readability, maintainability) can vary immensely. When code quality is poor, symptoms emerge in the form of 'code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Ivan Tan , Christopher M. Poskitt

As software proliferates across domains, its aggregate energy footprint has become a major concern. To reduce software's growing environmental footprint, developers need to identify and refactor energy smells: source code implementations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mohammadjavad Mehditabar , Saurabhsingh Rajput , Tushar Sharma

Technical debt is a metaphor indicating sub-optimal solutions implemented for short-term benefits by sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software. A special type of technical debt is explicitly admitted by software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Yikun Li , Mohamed Soliman , Paris Avgeriou

Technical debt has become a well-known metaphor among software professionals, illustrating how shortcuts taken during development can accumulate and become a burden for software projects. In the traditional notion of technical debt,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Sebastian Baltes , Veronika Dashuber

Software systems naturally evolve, and this evolution often brings design problems that cause system degradation. Architectural smells are typical symptoms of such problems, and several of these smells are related to undesired dependencies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-21 J. Andrés Díaz-Pace , Antonela Tommasel , Daniela Godoy

We describe lessons learned from developing and deploying machine learning models at scale across the enterprise in a range of financial analytics applications. These lessons are presented in the form of antipatterns. Just as design…

Code review plays an important role in software quality control. A typical review process would involve a careful check of a piece of code in an attempt to find defects and other quality issues/violations. One type of issues that may impact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Xiaofeng Han , Amjed Tahir , Peng Liang , Steve Counsell , Yajing Luo