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Aims. We analyse SUMER spectral scans of a large sunspot within active region NOAA 10923, obtained on 14-15 November 2006, to determine the morphology and dynamics of the sunspot atmosphere at different heights/temperatures. Methods: The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-22 L. Teriaca , W. Curdt , S. K. Solanki

In planetary science, surface roughness is regarded to be a measure of surface irregularity at small spatial scales, and causes the thermal-infrared beaming effect (i.e. re-radiation of absorbed sunlight back towards to the Sun). Typically,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-23 Ben Rozitis

In this paper the authors present and validate a procedure, which intends to combine the latest state of the art models in bridge monitoring with freely available satellite data. Through the Differential SAR interferometry (DinSAR)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-22 Tony De Corso , Luca Mignone , Alessandro Sebastianelli , Maria Pia Del Rosso , Claire Yost , Elena Ciampa , Marisa Pecce , Stefania Sica , Silvia Ullo

The microwave imaging system(MIS) stands out among prominent imaging tools for capturing images of concealed obstacles. Leveraging its capability to penetrate through heterogeneous environments MIS has been widely used for subsurface…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Mohammad Ramezaninia , Mohammad Zoofaghari

Solar active regions (ARs) are the primary source of solar eruptions and space weather. Accurate detection and tracking of ARs is crucial for understanding their evolution and predicting solar activities. In the previous work, based on the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-25 C. X. Shi , Q. Hao , P. F. Chen , Y. Guo

The Allan variance was introduced fifty years ago for analyzing the stability of frequency standards. Beside its metrological interest, it is also an estimator of the large trends of the power spectral density (PSD) of frequency deviation.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-04 Olivier Cavalié , François Vernotte

Multi-baseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques are effective approaches for retrieving the 3-D information of urban areas. In order to obtain a plausible reconstruction, it is necessary to use more than twenty…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Yilei Shi , Richard Bamler , Yuanyuan Wang , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Among various observational techniques used for detection of large bolides on a global scale is a low frequency sound known as infrasound. Infrasound, which is also one of the four sensing modalities used by the International Monitoring…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-04 Elizabeth A. Silber

Extending terrestrial networks into low-altitude airspace is a practical way to support aerial services, and accurate low-altitude radio maps are essential for characterizing terrestrial base station (BS) coverage and guiding system design.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Bowen Li , Haotian Zhang , Mu Jia , Junting Chen , Nikolaos Pappas

Dust storms in the earth's major desert regions significantly influence microphysical weather processes, the CO$_2$-cycle and the global climate in general. Recent increases in the spatio-temporal resolution of remote sensing instruments…

Applications · Statistics 2013-08-06 Fabian E. Bachl , Alex Lenkoski , Thordis L. Thorarinsdottir , Christoph S. Garbe

Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar can provide meters scale images of the ocean surface roughness day or night in nearly all weather conditions. This makes it a unique asset for many geophysical applications. Sentinel 1 SAR wave mode…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Nicolae-Catalin Ristea , Andrei Anghel , Mihai Datcu , Bertrand Chapron

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to monitor oil spills are some methods that have been proposed for the West African sub-region. With the increase in the number of oil exploration companies in Ghana (and her neighbors) and the rise in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-12-10 Griffith S. Klogo , Akpeko Gasonoo , Isaac K. E. Ampomah

The next generation of Mars rotorcrafts requires on-board autonomous hazard avoidance landing. To this end, this work proposes a system that performs continuous multi-resolution height map reconstruction and safe landing spot detection.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Pedro F. Proença , Jeff Delaune , Roland Brockers

Due to the irregular space-time sampling of sea surface observations, the reconstruction of sea surface dynamics is a challenging inverse problem. While satellite altimetry provides a direct observation of the sea surface height (SSH),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Ronan Fablet , Quentin Febvre , Bertrand Chapron

This study investigates the deterioration of skid resistance and surface macrotexture following preventive maintenance using micro-milling techniques. Field data were collected from 31 asphalt pavement sections located across four climatic…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-07 Lu Gao , Zia Din , Kinam Kim , Ahmed Senouci

Near-real-time regional-scale monitoring of ground deformation is increasingly required to support urban planning, critical infrastructure management, and natural hazard mitigation. While Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-01 Wendong Yao , Binhua Huang , Soumyabrata Dev

Accurate prediction of effluent temperature in recharge basins is essential for optimizing the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) process, as temperature directly influences water viscosity and infiltration rates. This study develops and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Roy Elkayam

Understanding plant root systems is critical for advancing research in soil-plant interactions, nutrient uptake, and overall plant health. However, accurate imaging of roots in subterranean environments remains a persistent challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Shubham Agarwal , Ofek Nourian , Michael Sidorov , Sharon Chemweno , Ofer Hadar , Naftali Lazarovitch , Jhonathan E. Ephrath

Accurate seismic imaging and velocity estimation are essential for subsurface characterization. Conventional inversion techniques, such as full-waveform inversion, remain computationally expensive and sensitive to initial velocity models.…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Yunlin Zeng , Huseyin Tuna Erdinc , Rafael Orozco , Felix Herrmann

Atmospheric turbulence, especially in the near-surface boundary layer is known to be under-sampled due to the need to capture a wide separation in length and time-scales and limitation in the number of sensors. Over the past decade, the use…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-13 Balaji Jayaraman , Sam Allison , He Bai