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Quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises secure key exchange between two remote parties, is now moving toward the realization of scalable and secure QKD networks (QNs). Fully connected, trusted node-free QNs have been realized based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Wenhan Yan , Xiaodong Zheng , Wenjun Wen , Liangliang Lu , Yifeng Du , Yanqing Lu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-Song Ma

Cyber-security has become vital for modern networked control systems (NCS). In this paper, we propose that the emerging technology of quantum key distribution (QKD) can be applied to enhance the privacy and security of NCS up to an…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Hai-Jin Ding , Re-Bing Wu , Qian-Chuan Zhao

The performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely limited by multi-photon pulses emitted by laser sources due to the photon-number splitting attack. Coherent-one-way (COW) QKD has been introduced as a promising solution to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Javier González-Payo , Róbert Trényi , Weilong Wang , Marcos Curty

Quantum key distribution (QKD) will most likely be an integral part of any practical quantum network in the future. However, not all QKD protocols can be used in today's networks because of the lack of single-photon emitters and noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

In recent years, the gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been significantly narrowed, particularly for QKD systems with arbitrarily awed optical receivers. The status for QKD systems with imperfect light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Akihiro Mizutani , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nobuyuki Imoto , Kiyoshi Tamaki

We evaluate the performance of two architectures for network-wide quantum key distribution (QKD): Relayed QKD, which relays keys over multi-link QKD paths for non-adjacent nodes, and Switched QKD, which uses optical switches to dynamically…

We propose and study the feasibility of wireless quantum key distribution (QKD) in indoor environments. Such systems are essential in providing wireless access to the developing quantum communications networks. We find a practical regime of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-15 Osama Elmabrok , Mohsen Razavi

Experimental deployment of quantum communication over Earth-satellite channels opens the way to a secure global quantum Internet. In this work, we present results from a real-time prototype quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

Recently a new quantum key distribution protocol using coherent and thermal states was proposed. In this work this kind of two-layer QKD protocol is formalized and its security against the most common attacks, including external control and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 Rubens Viana Ramos

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a family of protocols for growing a private encryption key between two parties. Despite much progress, all ground-based QKD approaches have a distance limit due to atmospheric losses or in-fibre…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-28 Robert Bedington , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Alexander Ling

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

While QKD ensures information-theoretic security at the link level, real-world deployments depend on trusted repeaters, creating potential vulnerabilities. In this paper, we thus introduce a topology-hiding connectivity assurance protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Margherita Cozzolino , Stephan Krenn , Thomas Lorünser

Quantum communication has seen rapid progress towards practical large-scale networks, with quantum key distribution (QKD) spearheading this development. While fibre based systems have been shown to be well suited for metropolitan scales,…

We propose a free-space reconfigurable quantum key distribution (QKD) network to secure communication among mobile users. Depends on the trustworthiness of the network relay, the users can implement either the highly secure…

A working free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed and tested over an outdoor optical path of ~1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that QKD can provide secure real-time…

QKD technology is being increasingly adopted inside the network core for protecting information transport against any form of computational attacks. However, the use of QKD for wide-area internetworking is still challenging and costly, due…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks are expected to enable information-theoretical secure (ITS) communication over a large-scale network. Most researches on relay-based QKD network assume that all relays or nodes are completely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Yi Luo , Qiong Li , Hao-Kun Mao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) network has recently attracted growing attentions. Due to the special characteristics of quantum information, to build a full-connectivity QKD network without trusted relays is a stimulating challenge. In this…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a crucial component for truly secure communication, which enables to analyze leakage of information due to eavesdropper attacks. While impressive progress was made in the field of long-distance…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretically secures key exchange requiring authentication of the classic data processing channel via pre-sharing of symmetric private keys. In previous studies, the lattice-based…