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We present a deterministic optimization framework for Neural Network Quantum States (NQS) designed to bypass the sampling variance and slow mixing issues inherent in stochastic optimization. By projecting a neural backflow ansatz onto…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Zheng Che

Neural quantum states (NQS) have emerged as a promising approach to solve second-quantized Hamiltonians, because of their scalability and flexibility. In this work, we design and benchmark an NQS impurity solver for the quantum embedding…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-16 Yinzhanghao Zhou , Tsung-Han Lee , Ao Chen , Nicola Lanatà , Hong Guo

Neural network quantum state (NNQS) has emerged as a promising candidate for quantum many-body problems, but its practical applications are often hindered by the high cost of sampling and local energy calculation. We develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Yangjun Wu , Chu Guo , Yi Fan , Pengyu Zhou , Honghui Shang

Neural quantum states (NQS) are a novel class of variational many-body wave functions that are very flexible in approximating diverse quantum states. Optimization of an NQS ansatz requires sampling from the corresponding probability…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-09-15 Andrey A. Bagrov , Askar A. Iliasov , Tom Westerhout

Neural quantum state (NQS) ans\"atze have shown promise in variational Monte Carlo algorithms by their theoretical capability of representing any quantum state. However, the reason behind the practical improvement in their performance with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Sidhartha Dash , Luca Gravina , Filippo Vicentini , Michel Ferrero , Antoine Georges

The complete learning of an $n$-qubit quantum state requires samples exponentially in $n$. Several works consider subclasses of quantum states that can be learned in polynomial sample complexity such as stabilizer states or high-temperature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Liming Zhao , Naixu Guo , Ming-Xing Luo , Patrick Rebentrost

A naive classical representation of an n-qubit state requires specifying exponentially many amplitudes in the computational basis. Past works have demonstrated that classical neural networks can succinctly express these amplitudes for many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Tai-Hsuan Yang , Mehdi Soleimanifar , Thiago Bergamaschi , John Preskill

We introduce a methodology to estimate non-stabilizerness or "magic", a key resource for quantum complexity, with Neural Quantum States (NQS). Our framework relies on two schemes based on Monte Carlo sampling to quantify non-stabilizerness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Alessandro Sinibaldi , Antonio Francesco Mello , Mario Collura , Giuseppe Carleo

The nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) underpins nonlinear wave phenomena in optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, and plasma physics, but computing its excited states remains challenging due to nonlinearity-induced non-orthonormality.…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-13 Mingshu Zhao , Zhanyuan Yan

Neural quantum states are a new family of variational ans\"atze for quantum-many body wave functions with advantageous properties in the notoriously challenging case of two spatial dimensions. Since their introduction a wide variety of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-24 Moritz Reh , Markus Schmitt , Martin Gärttner

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. RBM finds wide applications in dimensional reduction, feature extraction, and recommender systems via modeling the probability distributions…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-07 Jing Chen , Song Cheng , Haidong Xie , Lei Wang , Tao Xiang

Neural network quantum states as ansatz wavefunctions have shown a lot of promise for finding the ground state of spin models. Recently, work has been focused on extending this idea to mixed states for simulating the dynamics of open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Simon Kothe , Peter Kirton

Neural quantum states are a promising framework for simulating many-body quantum dynamics, as they can represent states with volume-law entanglement. As time evolves, the neural network parameters are typically optimized at discrete time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Dingzu Wang , Wenxuan Zhang , Xiansong Xu , Dario Poletti

Quantum state tomography (QST) is essential for validating quantum devices but suffers from exponential scaling in system size. Neural-network quantum states, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), can efficiently parameterize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Simon Tonner , Viet T. Tran , Richard Kueng

Quantum state reconstruction using Neural Quantum States has been proposed as a viable tool to reduce quantum shot complexity in practical applications, and its advantage over competing techniques has been shown in numerical experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Haimeng Zhao , Giuseppe Carleo , Filippo Vicentini

Neural Quantum States (NQS) are powerful tools used to represent complex quantum many-body states in an increasingly wide range of applications. However, despite their popularity, at present only a rudimentary understanding of their…

Neural networks (NNs) representing quantum states are typically trained using Markov chain Monte Carlo based methods. However, unless specifically designed, such samplers only consist of local moves, making the slow-mixing problem prominent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Yuan-Hang Zhang , Massimiliano Di Ventra

The representation of a quantum wave function as a neural network quantum state (NQS) provides a powerful variational ansatz for finding the ground states of many-body quantum systems. Nevertheless, due to the complex variational landscape,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Eimantas Ledinauskas , Egidijus Anisimovas

We demonstrate quantum many-body state reconstruction from experimental data generated by a programmable quantum simulator, by means of a neural network model incorporating known experimental errors. Specifically, we extract restricted…

The challenge of quantum many-body problems comes from the difficulty to represent large-scale quantum states, which in general requires an exponentially large number of parameters. Recently, a connection has been made between quantum…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-11-01 Xun Gao , Lu-Ming Duan