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Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have demonstrated considerable success as variational quantum states; however, their representational power remains incompletely understood. In this work, we present an analytical proof that RBMs can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Yuan-Hang Zhang , Zhian Jia , Yu-Chun Wu , Guang-Can Guo

Foundation models are highly versatile neural-network architectures capable of processing different data types, such as text and images, and generalizing across various tasks like classification and generation. Inspired by this success, we…

We utilize neural network quantum states (NQS) to investigate the ground state properties of the Heisenberg model on a Shastry-Sutherland lattice using the variational Monte Carlo method. We show that already relatively simple NQSs can be…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-02-07 Matěj Mezera , Jana Menšíková , Pavel Baláž , Martin Žonda

Neural-network quantum states (NQSs), variationally optimized by combining traditional methods and deep learning techniques, is a new way to find quantum many-body ground states and gradually becomes a competitor of traditional variational…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-06-19 Jia-Qi Wang , Rong-Qiang He , Zhong-Yi Lu

Neural quantum states (NQSs) are powerful variational ans\"atze capable of representing highly entangled quantum many-body wavefunctions. While the average entanglement properties of ensembles of restricted Boltzmann machines are well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Andrew Jreissaty , Hang Zhang , Jairo C. Quijano , Juan Carrasquilla , Roeland Wiersema

Quantum computing's promise lies in its intrinsic complexity, with entanglement initially heralded as its hallmark. However, the quest for quantum advantage extends beyond entanglement, encompassing the realm of nonstabilizer (magic)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Antonio Francesco Mello , Guglielmo Lami , Mario Collura

Owing to their great expressivity and versatility, neural networks have gained attention for simulating large two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, their expressivity comes with the cost of a challenging optimization due to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-03-26 Hannah Lange , Guillaume Bornet , Gabriel Emperauger , Cheng Chen , Thierry Lahaye , Stefan Kienle , Antoine Browaeys , Annabelle Bohrdt

Fracton models host unconventional topological orders in three and higher dimensions and provide promising candidates for quantum memory platforms. Understanding their robustness against quantum fluctuations is an important task but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Marc Machaczek , Lode Pollet , Ke Liu

Neural quantum states (NQS) attract a lot of attention due to their potential to serve as a very expressive variational ansatz for quantum many-body systems. Here we study the main factors governing the applicability of NQS to frustrated…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-04-06 Tom Westerhout , Nikita Astrakhantsev , Konstantin S. Tikhonov , Mikhail Katsnelson , Andrey A. Bagrov

Neural-network quantum states (NQS) offer a versatile and expressive alternative to traditional variational ans\"atze for simulating physical systems. Energy-based frameworks, like Hopfield networks and Restricted Boltzmann Machines,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Manas Sajjan , Vinit Singh , Sabre Kais

Due to their immense representative power, neural network quantum states (NQS) have gained significant interest in current research. In recent advances in the field of NQS, it has been demonstrated that this approach can compete with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-21 Fabian Döschl , Felix A. Palm , Hannah Lange , Fabian Grusdt , Annabelle Bohrdt

Recent progress in the design and optimization of neural-network quantum states (NQSs) has made them an effective method to investigate ground-state properties of quantum many-body systems. In contrast to the standard approach of training a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-18 Riccardo Rende , Sebastian Goldt , Federico Becca , Luciano Loris Viteritti

Simulating quantum algorithms with classical resources generally requires exponential resources. However, heuristic classical approaches are often very efficient in approximately simulating special circuit structures, for example with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 Bjarni Jónsson , Bela Bauer , Giuseppe Carleo

Representation by neural networks, in particular by restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), has provided a powerful computational tool to solve quantum many-body problems. An important open question is how to characterize which class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Sirui Lu , Xun Gao , L. -M. Duan

Neural quantum states (NQS) have emerged as a powerful variational ansatz for representing quantum many-body wave functions. Their internal mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. We investigate the role of correlations for NQS-like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Fabian Döschl , Annabelle Bohrdt

Neural-network quantum states (NQS) employ artificial neural networks to encode many-body wave functions in second quantization through variational Monte Carlo (VMC). They have recently been applied to accurately describe electronic wave…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Xiang Li , Jia-Cheng Huang , Guang-Ze Zhang , Hao-En Li , Chang-su Cao , Dingshun Lv , Han-Shi Hu

One of the main challenges of quantum many-body physics is that the dimensionality of the Hilbert space grows exponentially with the system size, which makes it extremely difficult to solve the Schr\"{o}dinger equations of the system. But…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Zhih-Ahn Jia , Biao Yi , Rui Zhai , Yu-Chun Wu , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

The advent of Neural-network Quantum States (NQS) has significantly advanced wave function ansatz research, sparking a resurgence in orbital space variational Monte Carlo (VMC) exploration. This work introduces three algorithmic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Xiang Li , Jia-Cheng Huang , Guang-Ze Zhang , Hao-En Li , Zhu-Ping Shen , Chen Zhao , Jun Li , Han-Shi Hu

Efficient methods to access the entanglement of a quantum many-body state, where the complexity generally scales exponentially with the system size $N$, have long a concern. Here we propose the Schmidt tensor network state (Schmidt TNS)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Peng-Fei Zhou , Ying Lu , Jia-Hao Wang , Shi-Ju Ran

The rapid development of neural quantum states (NQS) has established it as a promising framework for studying quantum many-body systems. In this work, by leveraging the cutting-edge transformer-based architectures and developing highly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-11 Yuntian Gu , Wenrui Li , Heng Lin , Bo Zhan , Ruichen Li , Yifei Huang , Di He , Yantao Wu , Tao Xiang , Mingpu Qin , Liwei Wang , Dingshun Lv