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This paper introduces a highly flexible, quantized, memory-efficient, and ultra-lightweight object detection network, called TinyissimoYOLO. It aims to enable object detection on microcontrollers in the power domain of milliwatts, with less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Julian Moosmann , Marco Giordano , Christian Vogt , Michele Magno

In recent years, there has been a significant interest in developing machine learning algorithms on embedded systems. This is particularly relevant for bare metal devices in Internet of Things, Robotics, and Industrial applications that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Matteo Carnelos , Francesco Pasti , Nicola Bellotto

On-device learning enables edge devices to continually adapt the AI models to new data, which requires a small memory footprint to fit the tight memory constraint of edge devices. Existing work solves this problem by reducing the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Han Cai , Chuang Gan , Ligeng Zhu , Song Han

Split learning (SL) addresses the limitation of running deep learning inference directly on low-power edge/IoT nodes, in which it executes part of the inference process on the sensor and offloading the remainder to a companion device.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zied Jenhani , Mounir Bensalem , Jasenka Dizdarević , Admela Jukan

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), new attention has been given to implement AI algorithms on resource constrained tiny devices to expand the application domain of IoT. Multimodal Learning has recently become very popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Hasib-Al Rashid , Pretom Roy Ovi , Carl Busart , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Tinoosh Mohsenin

The use of lightweight machine learning (ML) models in internet of things (IoT) networks enables resource constrained IoT devices to perform on-device inference for several critical applications. However, the inference accuracy deteriorates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Henrik C. M. Frederiksen , Junya Shiraishi , Cedomir Stefanovic , Hei Victor Cheng , Shashi Raj Pandey

Autonomic Computing (AC) is a promising approach for developing intelligent and adaptive self-management systems at the deep network edge. In this paper, we present the problems and challenges related to the use of AC for IoT devices. Our…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Wojciech Kalka , Ruitao Xue , Kamil Faber , Aleksander Slominski , Devki Jha , Rajiv Ranjan , Tomasz Szydlo

Recent advancements in ultra-low-power machine learning (TinyML) hardware promises to unlock an entirely new class of smart applications. However, continued progress is limited by the lack of a widely accepted benchmark for these systems.…

Extreme edge devices or Internet-of-thing nodes require both ultra-low power always-on processing as well as the ability to do on-demand sampling and processing. Moreover, support for IoT applications like voice recognition, machine…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Vikram Jain , Sebastian Giraldo , Jaro De Roose , Linyan Mei , Bert Boons , Marian Verhelst

Temporal Neural Networks (TNNs) are spiking neural networks that use time as a resource to represent and process information, similar to the mammalian neocortex. In contrast to compute-intensive deep neural networks that employ separate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Harideep Nair , John Paul Shen , James E. Smith

Recent advances in state-of-the-art ultra-low power embedded devices for machine learning (ML) have permitted a new class of products whose key features enable ML capabilities on microcontrollers with less than 1 mW power consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Anas Osman , Usman Abid , Luca Gemma , Matteo Perotto , Davide Brunelli

Running deep neural networks (DNNs) on tiny Micro-controller Units (MCUs) is challenging due to their limitations in computing, memory, and storage capacity. Fortunately, recent advances in both MCU hardware and machine learning software…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Michael Bechtel , QiTao Weng , Heechul Yun

Over the past years, the industrial sector has seen many innovations brought about by automation. Inherent in this automation is the installation of sensor networks for status monitoring and data collection. One of the major challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Paulito Palmes , Joern Ploennigs , Niall Brady

The advancements in machine learning opened a new opportunity to bring intelligence to the low-end Internet-of-Things nodes such as microcontrollers. Conventional machine learning deployment has high memory and compute footprint hindering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Swapnil Sayan Saha , Sandeep Singh Sandha , Mani Srivastava

In this paper, we present the current position of the research project ML-Quadrat, which aims to extend the methodology, modeling language and tool support of ThingML - an open source modeling tool for IoT/CPS - to address Machine Learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Armin Moin , Stephan Rössler , Stephan Günnemann

With the surge of inexpensive computational and memory resources, neural networks (NNs) have experienced an unprecedented growth in architectural and computational complexity. Introducing NNs to resource-constrained devices enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Lennart Heim , Andreas Biri , Zhongnan Qu , Lothar Thiele

This doctoral dissertation proposes a novel approach to enhance the development of smart services for the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The proposed approach offers abstraction and automation to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Armin Moin

Super-TinyML aims to optimize machine learning models for deployment on ultra-low-power application domains such as wearable technologies and implants. Such domains also require conformality, flexibility, and non-toxicity which traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gurol Saglam , Florentia Afentaki , Georgios Zervakis , Mehdi B. Tahoori

Internet of Things (IoT) Analytics often involves applying machine learning (ML) models on data streams. In such scenarios, traditional ML paradigms face obstacles related to continuous learning while dealing with concept drifts, temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Federico Giannini , Emanuele Della Valle

Tensor Networks have emerged as a prominent alternative to neural networks for addressing Machine Learning challenges in foundational sciences, paving the way for their applications to real-life problems. This paper introduces tn4ml, a…