Related papers: Closed testing procedures for treatment-versus-con…

Combinatorial Testing (CT) is a potentially powerful testing technique, whereas its failure revealing ability might be dramatically reduced if it fails to handle constraints in an adequate and efficient manner. To ensure the wider…

Primarily motivated by the drug development process, several publications have now presented methodology for the design of multi-arm multi-stage experiments with normally distributed outcome variables of known variance. Here, we extend…

We have a large number of samples and we want to find the infected ones using as few number of tests as possible. We can use group testing which tells about a small group of people whether at least one of them is infected. Group testing is…

Cluster randomization trials commonly employ multiple endpoints. When a single summary of treatment effects across endpoints is of primary interest, global hypothesis testing/effect estimation methods represent a common analysis strategy.…

Experiments with pre-trained models such as BERT are often based on a single checkpoint. While the conclusions drawn apply to the artifact tested in the experiment (i.e., the particular instance of the model), it is not always clear whether…

Identifying subgroups of patients with an enhanced response to a new treatment has become an area of increased interest in the last few years. When there is knowledge about possible subpopulations with an enhanced treatment effect before…

Recently, a new testing approach for response-adaptive clinical trials was proposed based on the allocation probabilities (AP) rather than the outcome data. While original work on the AP test focused on binary and normal endpoints and…

In blackbox optimization, evaluation of the objective and constraint functions is time consuming. In some situations, constraint values may be evaluated independently or sequentially. The present work proposes and compares two strategies to…

Significant evidence has become available that emphasizes the importance of personalization in medicine. In fact, it has become a common belief that personalized medicine is the future of medicine. The core of personalized medicine is the…

Diagnostic accuracy studies assess sensitivity and specificity of a new index test in relation to an established comparator or the reference standard. The development and selection of the index test is usually assumed to be conducted prior…

This text is a survey on cross-validation. We define all classical cross-validation procedures, and we study their properties for two different goals: estimating the risk of a given estimator, and selecting the best estimator among a given…

Entropy serves as a central observable which indicates uncertainty in many chemical, thermodynamical, biological and ecological systems, and the principle of the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) is widely supported in natural science. Recently,…

Suppose that at any stage of a statistical experiment a control variable $X$ that affects the distribution of the observed data $Y$ at this stage can be used. The distribution of $Y$ depends on some unknown parameter $\theta$, and we…

Rare disease trials face unique statistical challenges due to limited patient populations and heterogeneous clinical manifestations among patients. Multiple endpoints are often necessary to comprehensively capture treatment benefits. A…

This paper deals with Interior Point Methods (IPMs) for Optimal Control Problems (OCPs) with pure state and mixed constraints. This paper establishes a complete proof of convergence of IPMs for a general class of OCPs. Convergence results…

The analysis and proper documentation of the properties of closed-loop control software presents many distinct aspects from the analysis of the same software running open-loop. Issues of physical system representations arise, and it is…

We consider a stochastic control problem where the set of controls is not necessarily convex and the system is governed by a nonlinear backward stochastic differential equation. We establish necessary as well as sufficient conditions of…

A new method based on the rejection sampling for finding statistical tests is proposed. This method is conceptually intuitive, easy to implement, and applicable for arbitrary dimension. To illustrate its potential applicability, three…

Identifying the most powerful test in multiple hypothesis testing under strong family-wise error rate (FWER) control is a fundamental problem in statistical methodology. State-of-the-art approaches formulate this as a constrained…

Externally controlled trials (ECTs) are increasingly used when randomized controls are infeasible, unethical, or insufficient, including applications in rare diseases, oncology, pediatrics, and post-approval effectiveness research. Although…