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We introduce a unified probabilistic framework for solving sequential decision making problems ranging from Bayesian optimisation to contextual bandits and reinforcement learning. This is accomplished by a probabilistic model-based approach…

We present a deep transformation model for probabilistic regression. Deep learning is known for outstandingly accurate predictions on complex data but in regression tasks, it is predominantly used to just predict a single number. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-02 Beate Sick , Torsten Hothorn , Oliver Dürr

Digital twin (DT) technology enables real-time simulation, prediction, and optimization of physical systems, but practical deployment faces challenges from high data requirements, proprietary data constraints, and limited adaptability to…

Without exact knowledge of the true system dynamics, optimal control of non-linear continuous-time systems requires careful treatment under epistemic uncertainty. In this work, we translate a probabilistic interpretation of the Pontryagin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 David Leeftink , Çağatay Yıldız , Steffen Ridderbusch , Max Hinne , Marcel van Gerven

Iterative algorithms solve problems by taking steps until a solution is reached. Models in the form of Deep Thinking (DT) networks have been demonstrated to learn iterative algorithms in a way that can scale to different sized problems at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jay Bear , Adam Prügel-Bennett , Jonathon Hare

Dynamic programming (DP) is an algorithmic design paradigm for the efficient, exact solution of otherwise intractable, combinatorial problems. However, DP algorithm design is often presented in an ad-hoc manner. It is sometimes difficult to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Max A. Little , Xi He , Ugur Kayas

The task of learning to pick a single preferred example out a finite set of examples, an "optimal choice problem", is a supervised machine learning problem with complex, structured input. Problems of optimal choice emerge often in various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Marina Sapir

In this article, we propose a novel pessimism-based Bayesian learning method for optimal dynamic treatment regimes in the offline setting. When the coverage condition does not hold, which is common for offline data, the existing solutions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-23 Yunzhe Zhou , Zhengling Qi , Chengchun Shi , Lexin Li

We consider the optimization of an uncertain objective over continuous and multi-dimensional decision spaces in problems in which we are only provided with observational data. We propose a novel algorithmic framework that is tractable,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 Dimitris Bertsimas , Christopher McCord

A decision-maker faces uncertainty governed by a data-generating process (DGP), which is only known to belong to a set of sequences of independent but possibly non-identical distributions. A robust decision maximizes the expected payoff…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-12 Xiaoyu Cheng

In this paper, we investigate a resource allocation and model retraining problem for dynamic wireless networks by utilizing incremental learning, in which the digital twin (DT) scheme is employed for decision making. A two-timescale…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Jiayi Cong , Guoliang Cheng , Changsheng You , Xinyu Huang , Wen Wu

Despite best efforts, various challenges remain in the creation and maintenance processes of digital twins (DTs). One of those primary challenges is the constant, continuous and omnipresent evolution of systems, their user's needs and their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Joost Mertens , Stefan Klikovits , Francis Bordeleau , Joachim Denil , Øystein Haugen

This paper introduces Dynamic Embeddings with Task-Oriented prompting (DETOT), a novel approach aimed at improving the adaptability and efficiency of machine learning models by implementing a flexible embedding layer. Unlike traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Allmin Balloccu , Jack Zhang

Decision Focused Learning has emerged as a critical paradigm for integrating machine learning with downstream optimisation. Despite its promise, existing methodologies predominantly rely on probabilistic models and focus narrowly on task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Keivan Shariatmadar , Neil Yorke-Smith , Ahmad Osman , Fabio Cuzzolin , Hans Hallez , David Moens

Recent technological developments and advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have enabled sophisticated capabilities to be a part of Digital Twin (DT), virtually making it possible to introduce automation into all aspects of work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ashwin Agrawal , Martin Fischer , Vishal Singh

The adoption of digital twins (DTs) in precision medicine is increasingly viable, propelled by extensive data collection and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), alongside traditional biomedical methodologies. However, the reliance…

A digital twin is a surrogate model that has the main feature to mirror the original process behavior. Associating the dynamical process with a digital twin model of reduced complexity has the significant advantage to map the dynamics with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Diana Alina Bistrian , Omer San , Ionel Michael Navon

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), e.g., elevator systems and autonomous driving systems, are progressively permeating our everyday lives. To ensure their safety, various analyses need to be conducted, such as anomaly detection and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Qinghua Xu , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali , Maite Arratibel

Artificial intelligence commonly refers to the science and engineering of artificial systems that can carry out tasks generally associated with requiring aspects of human intelligence, such as playing games, translating languages, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Andreas Krause , Jonas Hübotter

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Felipe Montana , Adam Hartwell , Will Jacobs , Visakan Kadirkamanathan , Andrew R Mills , Tom Clark