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Related papers: Level Theory, parts 1-3

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The structures $\langle M,\subseteq^M\rangle$ arising as the inclusion relation of a countable model of sufficient set theory $\langle M,\in^M\rangle$, whether well-founded or not, are all isomorphic. These structures $\langle…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-04-17 Joel David Hamkins , Makoto Kikuchi

The modular decomposition of a graph $G$ is a natural construction to capture key features of $G$ in terms of a labeled tree $(T,t)$ whose vertices are labeled as "series" ($1$), "parallel" ($0$) or "prime". However, full information of $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-16 Marc Hellmuth , Guillaume E. Scholz

Classification theory of elementary classes deals with first order (elementary) classes of structures (i.e. fixing a set T of first order sentences, we investigate the class of models of T with the elementary submodel notion). It tries to…

Logic · Mathematics 2009-03-23 Saharon Shelah

In experimental applications of bounded-reasoning models, behavior is often summarized by distributions of "levels". We argue that such summaries conflate two conceptually distinct dimensions: a player's type, capturing beliefs about what…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-15 Shuige Liu , Gabriel Ziegler

We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. In this second part we introduce the fundamental concepts of topological spaces, convergence, and continuity, as…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-07-01 Felix Nagel

This paper describes implementation details for a 3-level cognitive model, described in the paper series. The whole architecture is now modular, with different levels using different types of information. The ensemble-hierarchy relationship…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Kieran Greer

Metaphysical interpretations of set theory are either inconsistent or incoherent. The uses of sets in mathematics actually involve three distinct kinds of collections (surveyable, definite, and heuristic), which are governed by three…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-05-12 Nik Weaver

We propose a graph-based extension of Boolean logic called Boolean Graph Logic (BGL). Construing formula trees as the cotrees of cographs, we may state semantic notions such as evaluation and entailment in purely graph-theoretic terms,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Cameron Calk , Anupam Das , Tim Waring

We are enveloped by stories of visual interpretations in our everyday lives. The way we narrate a story often comprises of two stages, which are, forming a central mind map of entities and then weaving a story around them. A contributing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ruo-Ping Dong , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Alan W Black

Hamkins and Kikuchi (2016 and 2017) show that in both set theory and class theory the definable subset ordering of the universe interprets a complete and decidable theory. If $\mathcal{M}$ is a model of set theory, then $\langle M,…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Zachiri McKenzie

In this article we aim to develop from first principles a theory of sum sets and partial sum sets, which are defined analogously to difference sets and partial difference sets. We obtain non-existence results and characterisations. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-26 Robert S. Coulter , Todd Gutekunst

We study the class of star-free languages. A long-standing goal is to classify them by the complexity of their descriptions. The most influential research effort involves concatenation hierarchies, which measure alternations between…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Thomas Place , Marc Zeitoun

This paper provides a complete suite of axioms for a version of set theory that I call Explication. Explication borrows from the two most prominent existing systems of set theory. Explication starts with class variables. After several…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-09-14 Ernest Akemann

A specification given as a formula in linear temporal logic (LTL) defines a system by its set of traces. However, certain features such as information flow security constraints are rather modeled as so-called hyperproperties, which are sets…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Martin Lück

We introduce a hierarchical classification of theories that describe systems with fundamentally limited information content. This property is introduced in an operational way and gives rise to the existence of mutually complementary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-27 Tomasz Paterek , Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

We propose a generalization of first-order logic originating in a neglected work by C.C. Chang: a natural and generic correspondence language for any types of structures which can be recast as Set-coalgebras. We discuss axiomatization and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Tadeusz Litak , Dirk Pattinson , Katsuhiko Sano , Lutz Schröder

Category theory can be used to state formulas in First-Order Logic without using set membership. Several notable results in logic such as proof of the continuum hypothesis can be elegantly rewritten in category theory. We propose in this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Chan Le Duc

The cumulative hierarchy conception of set, which is based on the conception that sets are inductively generated from "former" sets, is generally considered a good way to create a set conception that seems safe from contradictions. This…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-11-16 Rafi Shalom

Usual math sets have special types: countable, compact, open, occasionally Borel, rarely projective, etc. Each such set is described by a single Set Theory formula with parameters unrelated to other formulas. Exotic expressions involving…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Leonid A. Levin

An order-theoretic forest is a countable partial order such that the set of elements larger than any element is linearly ordered. It is an order-theoretic tree if any two elements have an upper-bound. The order type of a branch can be any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle