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Using transversal gates is a straightforward and efficient technique for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Since transversal gates alone cannot be computationally universal, they must be combined with other approaches such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Eesa Nikahd , Mehdi Sedighi , Morteza Saheb Zamani

Reducing measurement errors in multi-qubit quantum devices is critical for performing any quantum algorithm. Here we show how to mitigate measurement errors by a classical post-processing of the measured outcomes. Our techniques apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sergey Bravyi , Sarah Sheldon , Abhinav Kandala , David C. Mckay , Jay M. Gambetta

Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maksym Prodius , Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

Quantum computation provides great speedup over its classical counterpart for certain problems. One of the key challenges for quantum computation is to realize precise control of the quantum system in the presence of noise. Control of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-30 Xing Rong , Jianpei Geng , Fazhan Shi , Ying Liu , Kebiao Xu , Wenchao Ma , Fei Kong , Zhen Jiang , Yang Wu , Jiangfeng Du

The threshold theorem promises a path to fault-tolerant quantum computation, provided the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. While transversal gates efficiently implement logical operations, they propagate errors and can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Yichen Xu , Yiqing Zhou , James P. Sethna , Eun-Ah Kim

I present a new approach for designing quantum error-correcting codes that guarantees a physically natural implementation of Clifford operations. Inspired by the scheme put forward by Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill for encoding a qubit in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Jonathan A. Gross

Various quantum applications can be reduced to estimating expectation values, which are inevitably deviated by operational and environmental errors. Although errors can be tackled by quantum error correction, the overheads are far from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Shuaining Zhang , Yao Lu , Kuan Zhang , Wentao Chen , Ying Li , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

Clifford noise reduction (CliNR) is a partial error correction scheme that reduces the logical error rate of Clifford circuits at the cost of a modest qubit and gate overhead. The CliNR implementation of an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Aharon Brodutch , Gregory Baimetov , Edwin Tham , Nicolas Delfosse

In order for quantum computations to be done as efficiently as possible it is important to optimise the number of gates used in the underlying quantum circuits. In this paper we find that many gate optimisation problems for approximately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 John van de Wetering , Matt Amy

Compiling quantum circuits into Clifford+$T$ gates is a central task for fault-tolerant quantum computing using stabilizer codes. In the near term, $T$ gates will dominate the cost of fault tolerant implementations, and any reduction in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Lukasz Cincio , Giuseppe Serra , M. Cerezo

Given any quantum error correcting code permitting universal fault-tolerant quantum computation and transversal measurement of logical X and Z, we describe how to perform time-optimal quantum computation, meaning the execution of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-05 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum error correction is vital for implementing universal quantum computing. A key component is the encoding circuit that maps a product state of physical qubits into the encoded multipartite entangled logical state. Known methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xiaosi Xu , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Noise poses a fundamental challenge to quantum information processing, with amplitude-damping (AD) noise being particularly detrimental. Preserving high-fidelity quantum systems therefore relies critically on effective error correction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Kai Wang , Zhen-Yang Peng

Quantum Entanglement is a fundamentally important resource in Quantum Information Science; however, generating it in practice is plagued by noise and decoherence, limiting its utility. Entanglement distillation and forward error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Vaishnavi L. Addala , Shu Ge , Stefan Krastanov

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a quantum algorithm that enables performing logical non-Clifford gates with in principle arbitrarily low noise level. It is herein typically assumed that logical Clifford gates can be executed without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Sascha Heußen

Modeling and simulation is essential for predicting and verifying the behavior of fabricated quantum circuits, but existing simulation methods are either impractically costly or require an unrealistic simplification of error processes. We…

A general method to mitigate the effect of errors in quantum circuits is outlined. The method is developed in sight of characteristics that an ideal method should possess and to ameliorate an existing method which only mitigates state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Manpreet Singh Jattana , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

Error mitigation is likely to be key in obtaining near term quantum advantage. In this work we present one of the first implementations of several Clifford data regression based methods which are used to mitigate the effect of noise in real…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Alejandro Sopena , Max Hunter Gordon , Germán Sierra , Esperanza López

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

Reducing errors is essential for reliable quantum computation. Quantum error mitigation (QEM) and quantum error correction (QEC) are two leading approaches for this task, each with challenges: QEM suffers from high sampling costs and cannot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Sowmitra Das , Jinzhao Sun , Michael Hanks , Bálint Koczor , M. S. Kim