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Ensuring factuality is essential for the safe use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes domains such as medicine and law. Conformal inference provides distribution-free guarantees, but existing approaches are either overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kangjun Noh , Seongchan Lee , Ilmun Kim , Kyungwoo Song

Matrix completion aims to estimate missing entries in a data matrix, using the assumption of a low-complexity structure (e.g., low rank) so that imputation is possible. While many effective estimation algorithms exist in the literature,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-24 Yu Gui , Rina Foygel Barber , Cong Ma

We discuss causal inference for observational studies with possibly invalid instrumental variables. We propose a novel methodology called two-stage curvature identification (TSCI) by exploring the nonlinear treatment model with machine…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-08 Zijian Guo , Mengchu Zheng , Peter Bühlmann

Conformal prediction (CP) offers a principled framework for uncertainty quantification, but it fails to guarantee coverage when faced with missing covariates. In addressing the heterogeneity induced by various missing patterns,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-17 Jiarong Fan , Juhyun Park. Thi Phuong Thuy Vo , Nicolas Brunel

In regression, conformal prediction is a general methodology to construct prediction intervals in a distribution-free manner. Although conformal prediction guarantees strong statistical property for predictive inference, its inherent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Wenyu Chen , Zhaokai Wang , Wooseok Ha , Rina Foygel Barber

Truncation is a statistical phenomenon that occurs in many time to event studies. For example, autopsy-confirmed studies of neurodegenerative diseases are subject to an inherent left and right truncation, also known as double truncation.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-28 Lior Rennert , Sharon X. Xie

Conformal Prediction methods have finite-sample distribution-free marginal coverage guarantees. However, they generally do not offer conditional coverage guarantees, which can be important for high-stakes decisions. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-27 Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , James McInerney , Nathan Kallus

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference seeks to extract human-interpretable rules from time-series data, but existing methods lack formal confidence guarantees for the inferred rules. Conformal prediction (CP) is a technique that can provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Danyang Li , Yixuan Wang , Matthew Cleaveland , Mingyu Cai , Roberto Tron

The aim of this paper is to propose an adaptation of the well known adaptive conformal inference (ACI) algorithm to achieve finite-sample coverage guarantees in multi-step ahead time-series forecasting in the online setting. ACI dynamically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-24 Johan Hallberg Szabadváry

The conditional survival function of a time-to-event outcome subject to censoring and truncation is a common target of estimation in survival analysis. This parameter may be of scientific interest and also often appears as a nuisance in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Charles J. Wolock , Peter B. Gilbert , Noah Simon , Marco Carone

We study distribution-free predictive inference for data with group symmetries, aiming to establish near-conditional coverage guarantees beyond exchangeability for structured data. While many predictive inference methods achieve a target…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yichen Shen , Mengxin Yu

Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where reliability matters, yet output-level uncertainty signals such as token probabilities, entropy, and self-consistency can become brittle under calibration--deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yanli Wang , Peng Kuang , Xiaoyu Han , Kaidi Xu , Haohan Wang

In survival analysis, estimating the conditional survival function given predictors is often of interest. There is a growing trend in the development of deep learning methods for analyzing censored time-to-event data, especially when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-13 Sehwan Kim , Rui Wang , Wenbin Lu

The machine learning literature contains several constructions for prediction intervals that are intuitively reasonable but ultimately ad-hoc in that they do not come with provable performance guarantees. We present methods from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-25 Danijel Kivaranovic , Kory D. Johnson , Hannes Leeb

Imputation is a popular approach to handling censored, missing, and error-prone covariates -- all coarsened data types for which the true values are unknown. However, there are nuances to imputing these different data types based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Sarah C. Lotspeich , Ethan M. Alt

We introduce Bellman Conformal Inference (BCI), a framework that wraps around any time series forecasting models and provides approximately calibrated prediction intervals. Unlike existing methods, BCI is able to leverage multi-step ahead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Zitong Yang , Emmanuel Candès , Lihua Lei

Uncertainty quantification of prediction models through prediction sets is increasingly popular and successful, but most existing methods rely on directly observing the outcome and do not appropriately handle censored outcomes, such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Wenwen Si , Hongxiang Qiu

Conformal prediction is a powerful post-hoc framework for uncertainty quantification that provides distribution-free coverage guarantees. However, these guarantees crucially rely on the assumption of exchangeability. This assumption is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-18 M. Stocker , W. Małgorzewicz , M. Fontana , S. Ben Taieb

The problem of how to best select variables for confounding adjustment forms one of the key challenges in the evaluation of exposure effects in observational studies, and has been the subject of vigorous recent activity in causal inference.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-02 Kelly Van Lancker , Oliver Dukes , Stijn Vansteelandt

For right censored survival data, it is well known that the mean survival time can be consistently estimated when the support of the censoring time contains the support of the survival time. In practice, however, this condition can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-01 Ying Ding , Bin Nan