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The widely adopted and powerful generative large language models (LLMs) have raised concerns about intellectual property rights violations and the spread of machine-generated misinformation. Watermarking serves as a promising approch to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

With the rise of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms,safeguarding the intellectual property of deep learning models is becoming paramount. Among various protective measures, trigger set watermarking has emerged as a flexible and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Hongyu Zhu , Sichu Liang , Wentao Hu , Fangqi Li , Ju Jia , Shilin Wang

Training deep neural networks from scratch could be computationally expensive and requires a lot of training data. Recent work has explored different watermarking techniques to protect the pre-trained deep neural networks from potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xinyun Chen , Wenxiao Wang , Chris Bender , Yiming Ding , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Digital watermarking has been widely used to protect the copyright and integrity of multimedia data. Previous studies mainly focus on designing watermarking techniques that are robust to attacks of destroying the embedded watermarks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ruowei Wang , Chenguo Lin , Qijun Zhao , Feiyu Zhu

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into diverse industries, posing substantial security risks due to unauthorized replication and misuse. To mitigate these concerns, robust identification mechanisms are widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Xuhong Wang , Haoyu Jiang , Yi Yu , Jingru Yu , Yilun Lin , Ping Yi , Yingchun Wang , Yu Qiao , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

The rapid development of deep learning has benefited from the release of some high-quality open-sourced datasets ($e.g.$, ImageNet), which allows researchers to easily verify the effectiveness of their algorithms. Almost all existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Yiming Li , Ziqi Zhang , Jiawang Bai , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

In response to the growing popularity of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to solve problems in various industries, various malicious groups have started to target such techniques in their attack plan. However, as ML models are constantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shahinul Hoque , Farhin Farhad Riya , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) is a necessary milestone toward expediting the deployment of its applications and services. In particular, the functionality of the IoT devices is extremely dependent on the reliability of their message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Aidin Ferdowsi , Walid Saad

Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the intellectual property protection of deep neural networks (DNNs), promoting DNN watermarking to become a hot research topic. Compared with embedding watermarks directly into DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yong Liu , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Diffusion models have rapidly become a vital part of deep generative architectures, given today's increasing demands. Obtaining large, high-performance diffusion models demands significant resources, highlighting their importance as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Sen Peng , Yufei Chen , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

Watermarking deep neural network (DNN) models has attracted a great deal of attention and interest in recent years because of the increasing demand to protect the intellectual property of DNN models. Many practical algorithms have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Chaoyue Huang , Hanzhou Wu

With the application of vertical domain pre-trained language models (VPLMs) in specialized fields such as medical, finance, and law, model parameters and inference capabilities have become important digital assets. Achieving traceable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Kong , Xin Cheng , Zhaoxia Yin , Shuai Li , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Due to the rapid growth of machine learning tools and specifically deep networks in various computer vision and image processing areas, application of Convolutional Neural Networks for watermarking have recently emerged. In this paper, we…

Advancements in digital technologies make it easy to modify the content of digital images. Hence, ensuring digital images integrity and authenticity is necessary to protect them against various attacks that manipulate them. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Sudev Kumar Padhi , Archana Tiwari , Sk. Subidh Ali

Deep learning-based watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for robust image authentication and protection. However, existing models are limited by low embedding capacity and vulnerability to bit-level errors, making them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hyunwook Choi , Sangyun Won , Daeyeon Hwang , Junhyeok Choi

Recent developments in Deep Neural Network (DNN) based watermarking techniques have shown remarkable performance. The state-of-the-art DNN-based techniques not only surpass the robustness of classical watermarking techniques but also show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Sudev Kumar Padhi , Sk. Subidh Ali

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) requires large datasets and powerful computing resources, which has led some owners to restrict redistribution without permission. Watermarking techniques that embed confidential data into DNNs have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Seonhye Park , Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Kristen Moore , Yansong Gao , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal