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Artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) promise to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in computational pathology. However, human-AI collaboration might introduce automation bias, where users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Emely Rosbach , Jonathan Ganz , Jonas Ammeling , Andreas Riener , Marc Aubreville

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly match or surpass human experts in biomedical signal interpretation. However, their effective integration into clinical practice requires more than high predictive accuracy. Clinicians must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Kraft , Andreas Theissler , Vera Wienhausen-Wilke , Gjergji Kasneci , Hendrik Lensch

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI) integrates ethics that align with human values, looking at their influence on AI behaviour and decision-making. Primarily dependent on self-assessment, TAI evaluation aims to ensure ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Louise McCormack , Malika Bendechache

Trauma is a significant cause of mortality and disability, particularly among individuals under forty. Traditional diagnostic methods for traumatic injuries, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI, are often time-consuming and dependent on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-24 Liheng Jiang , Xuechun yang , Chang Yu , Zhizhong Wu , Yuting Wang

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medicine is remarkable, offering advanced diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. However, the inherent opacity of complex AI models presents significant challenges to their clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Binbin Wen , Yihang Wu , Tareef Daqqaq , Ahmad Chaddad

Early detection and localization of pancreatic cancer can increase the 5-year survival rate for patients from 8.5% to 20%. Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially assist radiologists in detecting pancreatic tumors at an early stage.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Bowen Li , Yu-Cheng Chou , Shuwen Sun , Hualin Qiao , Alan Yuille , Zongwei Zhou

Since its renaissance, deep learning has been widely used in various medical imaging tasks and has achieved remarkable success in many medical imaging applications, thereby propelling us into the so-called artificial intelligence (AI) era.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 S. Kevin Zhou , Hayit Greenspan , Christos Davatzikos , James S. Duncan , Bram van Ginneken , Anant Madabhushi , Jerry L. Prince , Daniel Rueckert , Ronald M. Summers

Artificial intelligence has provided us with an exploration of a whole new research era. As more data and better computational power become available, the approach is being implemented in various fields. The demand for it in health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Gloria Hyunjung Kwak , Pan Hui

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

The increasing deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings challenges foundational assumptions underlying traditional frameworks of medical evidence. Classical statistical approaches, centered on randomized controlled…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-07 Richik Chakraborty

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Safety Institutes and governments worldwide are deciding whether they evaluate advanced AI themselves, support a private evaluation ecosystem or do both. Evaluation regimes have been established in a wide range…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Merlin Stein , Milan Gandhi , Theresa Kriecherbauer , Amin Oueslati , Robert Trager

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical diagnostics necessitates a critical examination of its ethical and practical implications. While the prioritization of diagnostic accuracy, as advocated by Sabuncu et…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Panayiotis V. Benos

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), a vibrant medical imaging research field, is expanding quickly. Because errors in medical diagnostic systems might lead to seriously misleading medical treatments, major efforts have been made in recent years…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Farzaneh Tajidini , Mohammad-Javad Kheiri

Pathology images are crucial for diagnosing and managing various diseases by visualizing cellular and tissue-level abnormalities. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly multimodal models like ChatGPT, have shown…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mianxin Liu , Jianfeng Wu , Fang Yan , Hongjun Li , Wei Wang , Shaoting Zhang , Zhe Wang

With the growing prevalence of machine learning and artificial intelligence-based medical decision support systems, it is equally important to ensure that these systems provide patient outcomes in a fair and equitable fashion. This paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Jeffrey Smith , Andre Holder , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran , Yao Xie

Adaptive interventions (AIs) are increasingly becoming popular in medical and behavioral sciences. An AI is a sequence of individualized intervention options that specify for whom and under what conditions different intervention options…

Applications · Statistics 2018-12-18 Palash Ghosh , Inbal Nahum-Shani , Bonnie Spring , Bibhas Chakraborty

Prostate cancer pathology plays a crucial role in clinical management but is time-consuming. Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in detecting prostate cancer and grading patterns. We tested an AI-based digital twin of a pathologist,…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings advancements to support pathologists in navigating high-resolution tumor images to search for pathology patterns of interest. However, existing AI-assisted tools have not realized this promised potential…

Information and communication technologies have accompanied our everyday life for years. A steadily increasing number of computers, cameras, mobile devices, etc. generate more and more data, but at the same time we realize that the data can…

The main goal from this study is to discuss the main features of Artificial intelligence (AI) as well as their applicability for early cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) Detection, Material and Method : Systematic review approach Results : It…