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In this Letter, we strengthen and extend the connection between simulation and estimation to exploit simulation routines that do not exactly compute the probability of experimental data, known as the likelihood function. Rather, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-14 Christopher Ferrie , Christopher E. Granade

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a popular computational method for likelihood-free Bayesian inference. The term "likelihood-free" refers to problems where the likelihood is intractable to compute or estimate directly, but where it…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-21 Stuart Barber , Jochen Voss , Mark Webster

Accurate simulation of complex physical systems enables the development, testing, and certification of control strategies before they are deployed into the real systems. As simulators become more advanced, the analytical tractability of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Lucas Barcelos , Rafael Oliveira , Rafael Possas , Lionel Ott , Fabio Ramos

The likelihood function plays a pivotal role in statistical inference; it is adaptable to a wide range of models and the resultant estimators are known to have good properties. However, these results hinge on correct specification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Adam Jaeger , Nicole Lazar

Synthetic likelihood is an attractive approach to likelihood-free inference when an approximately Gaussian summary statistic for the data, informative for inference about the parameters, is available. The synthetic likelihood method derives…

Many application areas rely on models that can be readily simulated but lack a closed-form likelihood, or an accurate approximation under arbitrary parameter values. Existing parameter estimation approaches in this setting are generally…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Rui Zhang , Oksana A. Chkrebtii , Dongbin Xiu

Likelihood-free inference (LFI) methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation, have become commonplace for conducting inference in complex models. Many approaches are based on summary statistics or discrepancies derived from synthetic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-06 David T. Frazier , Christopher Drovandi , Lucas Kock , David J. Nott

A maximum likelihood methodology for the parameters of models with an intractable likelihood is introduced. We produce a likelihood-free version of the stochastic approximation expectation-maximization (SAEM) algorithm to maximize the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-17 Umberto Picchini

Many statistical models can be simulated forwards but have intractable likelihoods. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods are used to infer properties of these models from data. Traditionally these methods approximate the posterior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-03 George Papamakarios , Iain Murray

Likelihood-free inference methods based on neural conditional density estimation were shown to drastically reduce the simulation burden in comparison to classical methods such as ABC. When applied in the context of any latent variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-06 Sanmitra Ghosh , Paul J. Birrell , Daniela De Angelis

Models of stochastic processes are widely used in almost all fields of science. Theory validation, parameter estimation, and prediction all require model calibration and statistical inference using data. However, data are almost always…

Computation · Statistics 2022-09-07 David J. Warne , Thomas P. Prescott , Ruth E. Baker , Matthew J. Simpson

In many fields of science, generalized likelihood ratio tests are established tools for statistical inference. At the same time, it has become increasingly common that a simulator (or generative model) is used to describe complex processes…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-21 Kyle Cranmer , Juan Pavez , Gilles Louppe

We propose a new approach that combines multiple non-parametric likelihood-type components to build a data-driven approximation of the true likelihood function. Our approach is built on empirical likelihood, a non-parametric approximation…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-15 Adam Jaeger , Nicole Lazar

Increasingly complex generative models are being used across disciplines as they allow for realistic characterization of data, but a common difficulty with them is the prohibitively large computational cost to evaluate the likelihood…

Computation · Statistics 2017-03-06 Michael U. Gutmann , Ritabrata Dutta , Samuel Kaski , Jukka Corander

Symbolic data analysis has been proposed as a technique for summarising large and complex datasets into a much smaller and tractable number of distributions -- such as random rectangles or histograms -- each describing a portion of the…

Computation · Statistics 2020-03-23 Thomas Whitaker , Boris Beranger , Scott A. Sisson

Estimations of physical parameters using data usually involve non-uniform experimental efficiencies. In this article, a method of maximum likelihood fit is introduced using the efficiency as a weight, while the probability distribution…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-08-31 Chenxu Yu , Yanxi Zhang

Likelihood-free Bayesian inference algorithms are popular methods for calibrating the parameters of complex, stochastic models, required when the likelihood of the observed data is intractable. These algorithms characteristically rely…

Computation · Statistics 2021-12-23 Thomas P Prescott , David J Warne , Ruth E Baker

Some statistical models are specified via a data generating process for which the likelihood function cannot be computed in closed form. Standard likelihood-based inference is then not feasible but the model parameters can be inferred by…

Computation · Statistics 2015-02-20 Michael U. Gutmann , Jukka Corander , Ritabrata Dutta , Samuel Kaski

In this paper, the authors first provide an overview of two major developments on complex survey data analysis: the empirical likelihood methods and statistical inference with non-probability survey samples, and highlight the important…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-14 Yilin Chen , Pengfei Li , J. N. K. Rao , Changbao Wu

We show that a maximum likelihood approach for parameter estimation in agent-based models (ABMs) of opinion dynamics outperforms the typical simulation-based approach. Simulation-based approaches simulate the model repeatedly in search of a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jacopo Lenti , Corrado Monti , Gianmarco De Francisci Morales