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Human communication is multimodal, with speech and gestures tightly coupled, yet most computational methods for generating speech and gestures synthesize them sequentially, weakening synchrony and prosody alignment. We introduce Gelina, a…

Co-speech gestures convey a wide variety of meanings and play an important role in face-to-face human interactions. These gestures significantly influence the addressee's engagement, recall, comprehension, and attitudes toward the speaker.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Parisa Ghanad Torshizi , Laura B. Hensel , Ari Shapiro , Stacy C. Marsella

We review human evaluation practices in automatic, speech-driven 3D gesture generation and find a lack of standardisation and frequent use of flawed experimental setups. This leads to a situation where it is impossible to know how different…

Along with the explosion of large language models, improvements in speech synthesis, advancements in hardware, and the evolution of computer graphics, the current bottleneck in creating digital humans lies in generating character movements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Thanh Hoang-Minh

This study explores two frameworks for co-speech gesture generation, AQ-GT and its semantically-augmented variant AQ-GT-a, to evaluate their ability to convey meaning through gestures and how humans perceive the resulting movements. Using…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hendric Voss , Lisa Michelle Bohnenkamp , Stefan Kopp

Embodied human communication encompasses both verbal (speech) and non-verbal information (e.g., gesture and head movements). Recent advances in machine learning have substantially improved the technologies for generating synthetic versions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Simon Alexanderson , Éva Székely , Gustav Eje Henter , Taras Kucherenko , Jonas Beskow

Generating gestures from human speech has gained tremendous progress in animating virtual avatars. While the existing methods enable synthesizing gestures cooperated by individual self-talking, they overlook the practicality of concurrent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Xingqun Qi , Yatian Wang , Hengyuan Zhang , Jiahao Pan , Wei Xue , Shanghang Zhang , Wenhan Luo , Qifeng Liu , Yike Guo

Gestures play a key role in human communication. Recent methods for co-speech gesture generation, while managing to generate beat-aligned motions, struggle generating gestures that are semantically aligned with the utterance. Compared to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Muhammad Hamza Mughal , Rishabh Dabral , Ikhsanul Habibie , Lucia Donatelli , Marc Habermann , Christian Theobalt

Co-speech gesture is crucial for human-machine interaction and digital entertainment. While previous works mostly map speech audio to human skeletons (e.g., 2D keypoints), directly generating speakers' gestures in the image domain remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xian Liu , Qianyi Wu , Hang Zhou , Yuanqi Du , Wayne Wu , Dahua Lin , Ziwei Liu

While increasing attention has been paid to co-speech gesture synthesis, most previous works neglect to investigate hand gestures with explicit and essential semantics. In this paper, we study co-speech gesture generation with an emphasis…

The art of communication beyond speech there are gestures. The automatic co-speech gesture generation draws much attention in computer animation. It is a challenging task due to the diversity of gestures and the difficulty of matching the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Sicheng Yang , Zhiyong Wu , Minglei Li , Zhensong Zhang , Lei Hao , Weihong Bao , Ming Cheng , Long Xiao

During speech, people spontaneously gesticulate, which plays a key role in conveying information. Similarly, realistic co-speech gestures are crucial to enable natural and smooth interactions with social agents. Current end-to-end co-speech…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Taras Kucherenko , Patrik Jonell , Sanne van Waveren , Gustav Eje Henter , Simon Alexanderson , Iolanda Leite , Hedvig Kjellström

Co-speech gesture generation aims to synthesize realistic body movements that are semantically coherent with speech and faithful to a user-specified gestural style. Existing VQ-VAE based co-speech gesture generation methods improve…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Junchuan Zhao , Qifan Liang , Ye Wang

Creating a virtual avatar with semantically coherent gestures that are aligned with speech is a challenging task. Existing gesture generation research mainly focused on generating rhythmic beat gestures, neglecting the semantic context of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Lanmiao Liu , Esam Ghaleb , Aslı Özyürek , Zerrin Yumak

Gestures are inherent to human interaction and often complement speech in face-to-face communication, forming a multimodal communication system. An important task in gesture analysis is detecting a gesture's beginning and end. Research on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Esam Ghaleb , Ilya Burenko , Marlou Rasenberg , Wim Pouw , Ivan Toni , Peter Uhrig , Anna Wilson , Judith Holler , Aslı Özyürek , Raquel Fernández

Human motion generation has advanced rapidly in recent years, yet the critical problem of creating spatially grounded, context-aware gestures has been largely overlooked. Existing models typically specialize either in descriptive motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Anna Deichler , Jim O'Regan , Teo Guichoux , David Johansson , Jonas Beskow

Co-speech gestures, if presented in the lively form of videos, can achieve superior visual effects in human-machine interaction. While previous works mostly generate structural human skeletons, resulting in the omission of appearance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Xu He , Qiaochu Huang , Zhensong Zhang , Zhiwei Lin , Zhiyong Wu , Sicheng Yang , Minglei Li , Zhiyi Chen , Songcen Xu , Xiaofei Wu

Gestures are central to human communication, enriching interactions through non-verbal expression. Virtual avatars increasingly use AI-generated gestures to enhance life-likeness, yet evaluations have largely been confined to 2D. Virtual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Axel Wiebe Werner , Jonas Beskow , Anna Deichler

When virtual agents interact with humans, gestures are crucial to delivering their intentions with speech. Previous multimodal co-speech gesture generation models required encoded features of all modalities to generate gestures. If some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Gwantae Kim , Seonghyeok Noh , Insung Ham , Hanseok Ko

Although previous co-speech gesture generation methods are able to synthesize motions in line with speech content, it is still not enough to handle diverse and complicated motion distribution. The key challenges are: 1) the one-to-many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Lianying Yin , Yijun Wang , Tianyu He , Jinming Liu , Wei Zhao , Bohan Li , Xin Jin , Jianxin Lin