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The advent of recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition marked an important milestone reaching impressive recognition accuracies despite the great variability that we observe across different writing styles. Sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Lei Kang , Pau Riba , Marçal Rusiñol , Alicia Fornés , Mauricio Villegas

End-to-end learning models using raw waveforms as input have shown superior performances in many audio recognition tasks. However, most model architectures are based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) which were mainly developed for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Taejun Kim , Juhan Nam

Analyzing long text data such as customer call transcripts is a cost-intensive and tedious task. Machine learning methods, namely Transformers, are leveraged to model agent-customer interactions. Unfortunately, Transformers adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Annamalai Senthilnathan , Kristjan Arumae , Mohammed Khalilia , Zhengzheng Xing , Aaron R. Colak

The deployment of transformer-based models on resource-constrained edge devices represents a critical challenge in enabling real-time artificial intelligence applications. This comprehensive survey examines lightweight transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hema Hariharan Samson

It is widely acknowledged that the performance of Transformer models is logarithmically related to their number of parameters and computational complexity. While approaches like Mixture of Experts (MoE) decouple parameter count from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Huang , Qiyang Min , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Ran Guo , Xun Zhou

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel

We explore deep autoregressive Transformer models in language modeling for speech recognition. We focus on two aspects. First, we revisit Transformer model configurations specifically for language modeling. We show that well configured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Kazuki Irie , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

The architecture of Transformer is based entirely on self-attention, and has been shown to outperform models that employ recurrence on sequence transduction tasks such as machine translation. The superior performance of Transformer has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Vikas K. Garg , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Hsiang-Fu Yu

With the advent of conversational assistants, like Amazon Alexa, Google Now, etc., dialogue systems are gaining a lot of traction, especially in industrial setting. These systems typically consist of Spoken Language understanding component…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Arshit Gupta , John Hewitt , Katrin Kirchhoff

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

We present Reversible Vision Transformers, a memory efficient architecture design for visual recognition. By decoupling the GPU memory requirement from the depth of the model, Reversible Vision Transformers enable scaling up architectures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Karttikeya Mangalam , Haoqi Fan , Yanghao Li , Chao-Yuan Wu , Bo Xiong , Christoph Feichtenhofer , Jitendra Malik

Continual learning approaches help deep neural network models adapt and learn incrementally by trying to solve catastrophic forgetting. However, whether these existing approaches, applied traditionally to image-based tasks, work with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Young D. Kwon , Jagmohan Chauhan , Abhishek Kumar , Pan Hui , Cecilia Mascolo

On-device learning has emerged as a promising direction for AI development, particularly because of its potential to reduce latency issues and mitigate privacy risks associated with device-server communication, while improving energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Le-Trung Nguyen , Ael Quelennec , Van-Tam Nguyen , Enzo Tartaglione

The goal of this paper is to develop state-of-the-art models for lip reading -- visual speech recognition. We develop three architectures and compare their accuracy and training times: (i) a recurrent model using LSTMs; (ii) a fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Triantafyllos Afouras , Joon Son Chung , Andrew Zisserman

We present a state-of-the-art speech recognition system developed using end-to-end deep learning. Our architecture is significantly simpler than traditional speech systems, which rely on laboriously engineered processing pipelines; these…

Reservoir computing is a highly efficient machine learning framework for processing temporal data by extracting features from the input signal and mapping them into higher dimensional spaces. Physical reservoir layers have been realized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Md Razuan Hossain , Ahmed Salah Mohamed , Nicholas Xavier Armendarez , Joseph S. Najem , Md Sakib Hasan

Ear recognition is a contactless and unobtrusive biometric technique with applications across various domains. However, deploying high-performing ear recognition models on resource-constrained devices is challenging, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Camile Lendering , Bernardo Perrone Ribeiro , Žiga Emeršič , Peter Peer

The advancements in machine learning opened a new opportunity to bring intelligence to the low-end Internet-of-Things nodes such as microcontrollers. Conventional machine learning deployment has high memory and compute footprint hindering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Swapnil Sayan Saha , Sandeep Singh Sandha , Mani Srivastava

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is hard. The autoregressive Decode phase of the underlying Transformer model makes LLM inference fundamentally different from training. Exacerbated by recent AI trends, the primary challenges are memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyu Ma , David Patterson

The increasing computational and memory complexities of deep neural networks have made it difficult to deploy them on low-resource electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, wearables). Practitioners have developed numerous model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Shrey Desai , Geoffrey Goh , Arun Babu , Ahmed Aly