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Obtaining the symmetries of a model is a critical step towards developing an understanding and ultimately analytically or numerically solving the model. However, finding symmetries is generally extremely complicated, often being the result…

The Pauli strings appearing in the decomposition of an operator can be can be grouped into commuting families, reducing the number of quantum circuits needed to measure the expectation value of the operator. We detail an algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Ben Reggio , Nouman Butt , Andrew Lytle , Patrick Draper

Clifford Circuit Initializaton improves on initial guess of parameters on Parametric Quantum Circuits (PQCs) by leveraging efficient simulation of circuits made out of gates from the Clifford Group. The parameter space is pre-optimized by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Théo Lisart-Liebermann , Arcesio Castañeda Medina

We generalize an efficient exact synthesis algorithm for single-qubit unitaries over the Clifford+T gate set which was presented by Kliuchnikov, Maslov and Mosca. Their algorithm takes as input an exactly synthesizable single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Simon Forest , David Gosset , Vadym Kliuchnikov , David McKinnon

We study two-qubit circuits over the Clifford+CS gate set, which consists of the Clifford gates together with the controlled-phase gate CS=diag(1,1,1,i). The Clifford+CS gate set is universal for quantum computation and its elements can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross , Jacob M. Taylor

Variational quantum algorithms are considered to be appealing applications of near-term quantum computers. However, it has been unclear whether they can outperform classical algorithms or not. To reveal their limitations, we must seek a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Kosuke Mitarai , Yasunari Suzuki , Wataru Mizukami , Yuya O. Nakagawa , Keisuke Fujii

Efficient and effective compilation of quantum circuits remains an important aspect of executing quantum programs. In this paper, we propose a generic compilation framework particularly suitable for limited connectivity, that extends many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Adam Glos , Özlem Salehi

Though Cliffords and matchgates are both examples of classically simulable circuits, they are considered simulable for different reasons. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill explains the simulability Cliffords, and the efficient simulability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Andrew M. Projansky , Jason Necaise , James D. Whitfield

To build large-scale quantum computers while minimizing resource requirements, one may want to use high-rate quantum error-correcting codes that can efficiently encode information. However, realizing an addressable gate$\unicode{x2014}$a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Tim Chan , Ryuji Takagi

The commutative depth model allows gates that commute with each other to be performed in parallel. We show how to compute Clifford operations in constant commutative depth more efficiently than was previously known. Bravyi, Maslov, and Nam…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Richard Cleve , Zhiqian Ding , Luke Schaeffer

We use our Clifford algebra technique, that is nilpotents and projectors which are binomials of the Clifford algebra objects $\gamma^a$ with the property $\{\gamma^a,\gamma^b\}_+ = 2 \eta^{ab}$, for representing quantum gates and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Gregoric , N. S. Mankoc Borstnik

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is an exciting route to fault-tolerant quantum computing since Gaussian resources and GKP Pauli-eigenstate preparation are sufficient to achieve universal quantum computing. In this work, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Mackenzie H. Shaw , Andrew C. Doherty , Arne L. Grimsmo

The Clifford hierarchy is a fundamental structure in quantum computation, classifying unitary operators based on their commutation relations with the Pauli group. Despite its significance, the mathematical structure of the hierarchy is not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Zhiyang He , Luke Robitaille , Xinyu Tan

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

Arbitrarily accurate fault-tolerant (FT) universal quantum computation can be carried out using the Clifford gates Z, S, CNOT plus the non-Clifford T gate. Moreover, a recent improvement of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem by Kuperberg implies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 H. F. Chau

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

The polar decomposition of a matrix is a key element in the quantum linear algebra toolbox. We show that the problem of quantum polar decomposition, recently studied in Lloyd et al. [LBP+20], has a simple and concise implementation via the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Yihui Quek , Patrick Rebentrost

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang

An algorithm is proposed to convert arbitrary unitary matrix to a sequence of $X$ gates and fully controlled $R_y, R_z$ and $R_1$ gates. This algorithm is used to generate Q# implementation for arbitrary unitary matrix. Some optimizations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Dmytro Fedoriaka

Starting with an explicit framework for designing logical Clifford circuits for CSS codes, we construct logical gates for Hypergraph Product Codes. We first derive symplectic matrices for CNOT, CZ, Phase, and Hadamard operators, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Adway Patra , Alexander Barg