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Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks but encounter significant computational and memory challenges due to long sequence lengths. KV cache compression has emerged as an effective approach to greatly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Zekai Shen , Xiaowei Mao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

We introduce and implement a technique to extend the quantum computational power of cluster states by replacing some projective measurements with generalized quantum measurements (POVMs). As an experimental demonstration we fully realize an…

Gaussian states are the backbone of quantum information protocols with continuous variable systems, whose power relies fundamentally on the entanglement between the different modes. In the case of global pure states, knowledge of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Fernando Nicacio , Andrea Valdés-Hernández , Ana P. Majtey , Fabricio Toscano

Bosonic qubits are a promising route to building fault-tolerant quantum computers on a variety of physical platforms. Studying the performance of bosonic qubits under realistic gates and measurements is challenging with existing analytical…

We demonstrate experimentally how to remove an arbitrary node from a continuous-variable cluster state and how to shorten any quantum wires of such a state. These two basic operations, performed in an unconditional fashion, are a…

Quantum capacity gives the fundamental limit of information transmission through a channel. However, evaluating the quantum capacities of a continuous-variable bosonic quantum channel, as well as finding an optimal code to achieve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Adam Taylor , Michael Hanks , Hyukjoon Kwon , M. S. Kim

We generalise the Gaussian formalism of Continuous Variable (CV) systems to describe their interactions with qubits/qudits that result in quantum superpositions of Gaussian processes. To this end, we derive a new set of equations in closed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Lorenzo Braccini , Sougato Bose , Alessio Serafini

Wave--particle duality is a hallmark of quantum mechanics. For bosonic systems, there exists a continuum of intermediate states bridging wave-like Schr\"odinger cat states and particle-like Fock states. Such states have recently been…

Photonics represents one of the most promising approaches to large-scale quantum computation with millions of qubits and billions of gates, owing to the potential for room-temperature operation, high clock speeds, miniaturization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Paul Renault , Patrick Yard , Raphael C. Pooser , Miller Eaton , Hussain Asim Zaidi

Quantum computing is a disruptive paradigm widely believed to be capable of solving classically intractable problems. However, the route toward full-scale quantum computers is obstructed by immense challenges associated with the scalability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 Bo-Han Wu , Rafael N. Alexander , Shuai Liu , Zheshen Zhang

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code offers the possibility to encode higher-dimensional qudits into individual bosonic modes with, for instance, photonic excitations. Since photons enable the reliable transmission of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Frank Schmidt , Daniel Miller , Peter van Loock

One of the limitations to the quantum computing capability of a continuous-variable system is determined by our ability to cool it to the ground state, because pure logical states, in which we accurately encode quantum information, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Hoi-Kwan Lau , Martin B. Plenio

Recent development of mixed-state encoding (MSE) allows pure-state logical information to be encoded by a bosonic (continuous-variable) system in mixed physical state. Despite interest due to its counter-intuitiveness, the utility of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-03 Kevin Marshall , Daniel F. V. James , Alexandru Paler , Hoi-Kwan Lau

Gaussian quantum information processing with continuous-variable (CV) quantum information carriers holds significant promise for applications in quantum communication and quantum internet. However, applying Gaussian state distillation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 En-Jui Chang , Ching-Yi Lai

Bosonic or continuous-variable coding is a field concerned with robust quantum information processing and communication with electromagnetic signals or mechanical modes. I review bosonic quantum memories, characterizing them as either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Victor V. Albert

Bosonic codes, leveraging infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces for redundancy, offer great potential for encoding quantum information. However, the realization of a practical continuous-variable bosonic code that can simultaneously correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yexiong Zeng , Fernando Quijandría , Clemens Gneiting , Franco Nori

We introduce a novel formulation of a Generalized Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state that resolves all of its foundational pathologies, such as infinite energy, non-normalizability, and orthogonality. We demonstrate that these issues are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Sijo K. Joseph , Sudhir Singh

Quantum error correction is vital for implementing universal quantum computing. A key component is the encoding circuit that maps a product state of physical qubits into the encoded multipartite entangled logical state. Known methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Xiaosi Xu , Simon C. Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Quantum computers have the potential to speed up certain computational tasks. A possibility this opens up within the field of machine learning is the use of quantum techniques that may be inefficient to simulate classically but could…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Jamie Heredge , Charles Hill , Lloyd Hollenberg , Martin Sevior

We describe a qubit encoded in continuous quantum variables of an rf superconducting quantum interference device. Since the number of accessible states in the system is infinite, we may protect its two-dimensional subspace from small errors…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-08-02 Mateusz Cholascinski , Yuriy Makhlin , Gerd Schön