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Reinforcement learning algorithms have been widely used in dynamic and control systems. However, interpreting their internal learning behavior remains a challenge. In the authors' previous work, a critic match loss landscape visualization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingyi Liu , Jian Guo , Eberhard Gill

Real-world decision-making problems are often partially observable, and many can be formulated as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). When we apply reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to the POMDP, reasonable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Soichiro Nishimori , Sotetsu Koyamada , Shin Ishii

Exploration in multi-task reinforcement learning is critical in training agents to deduce the underlying MDP. Many of the existing exploration frameworks such as $E^3$, $R_{max}$, Thompson sampling assume a single stationary MDP and are not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-04 Sai Praveen Bangaru , JS Suhas , Balaraman Ravindran

Automatic (i.e., computer-assisted) theorem proving (ATP) can come in many flavors. This document presents early steps in our effort towards defining object-oriented theorem proving (OOTP) as a new style of ATP. Traditional theorem proving…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Moez A. AbdelGawad

We present a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to find an optimal policy for a finite-horizon Markov decision process while guaranteeing a desired lower bound on the probability of satisfying a signal temporal logic (STL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-29 Krishna C. Kalagarla , Rahul Jain , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Verifying the behaviors of autonomous systems with learned perception components is a challenging problem due to the complexity of the perception and the uncertainty of operating environments. Probabilistic model checking is a powerful tool…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Matthew Cleaveland , Pengyuan Lu , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee , Ivan Ruchkin

We present a reinforcement-learning (RL) framework for dynamic hedging of equity index option exposures under realistic transaction costs and position limits. We hedge a normalized option-implied equity exposure (one unit of underlying…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-16 Travon Lucius , Christian Koch , Jacob Starling , Julia Zhu , Miguel Urena , Carrie Hu

A novel reinforcement learning scheme to synthesize policies for continuous-space Markov decision processes (MDPs) is proposed. This scheme enables one to apply model-free, off-the-shelf reinforcement learning algorithms for finite MDPs to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-03 Abolfazl Lavaei , Fabio Somenzi , Sadegh Soudjani , Ashutosh Trivedi , Majid Zamani

Solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) requires computing policies under imperfect state information. Despite recent advances, the scalability of existing POMDP solvers remains limited. Moreover, many settings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 David Hudák , Maris F. L. Galesloot , Martin Tappler , Martin Kurečka , Nils Jansen , Milan Češka

This paper proposes an exploration-efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning with Reference policy (DRLR) framework for learning robotics tasks that incorporates demonstrations. The DRLR framework is developed based on an algorithm called…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chengyandan Shen , Christoffer Sloth

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained increasing attraction in the academia and tech industry with launches to a variety of impactful applications and products. Although research is being actively conducted on many fronts (e.g., offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Ruiyang Xu , Zhengxing Chen

Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a form of logical machine learning. The goal is to search a hypothesis space for a hypothesis that generalises training examples and background knowledge. We introduce an approach that 'shrinks' the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Andrew Cropper , Filipe Gouveia , David M. Cerna

We consider the task of automated theorem proving, a key AI task. Deep learning has shown promise for training theorem provers, but there are limited human-written theorems and proofs available for supervised learning. To address this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Mingzhe Wang , Jia Deng

Knowledge Representation is important issue in reinforcement learning. In this paper, we bridge the gap between reinforcement learning and knowledge representation, by providing a rich knowledge representation framework, based on normal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-12-08 Emad Saad

Reinforcement Learning formalises an embodied agent's interaction with the environment through observations, rewards and actions. But where do the actions come from? Actions are often considered to represent something external, such as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Elliot Catt , Marcus Hutter , Joel Veness

In theorem proving, the task of selecting useful premises from a large library to unlock the proof of a given conjecture is crucially important. This presents a challenge for all theorem provers, especially the ones based on language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Albert Q. Jiang , Wenda Li , Szymon Tworkowski , Konrad Czechowski , Tomasz Odrzygóźdź , Piotr Miłoś , Yuhuai Wu , Mateja Jamnik

This paper is the first attempt to learn the policy of an inquiry dialog system (IDS) by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Most IDS frameworks represent dialog states and dialog acts with logical formulae. In order to make learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Takuya Hiraoka , Masaaki Tsuchida , Yotaro Watanabe

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as an efficient method of choice for solving complex sequential decision making problems in automatic control, computer science, economics, and biology. In this paper we present a model-free RL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Yiannis Kantaros , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) are pivotal methodologies in reward learning, which involve inferring and shaping the underlying reward function of sequential decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Kihyun Kim , Jiawei Zhang , Asuman Ozdaglar , Pablo A. Parrilo

Leveraging more test-time computation has proven to be an effective way to boost the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Among various methods, the verify-and-improve paradigm stands out for enabling dynamic solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yurun Yuan , Tengyang Xie