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The experience and adoption of conversational search is tied to the accuracy and completeness of users' mental models -- their internal frameworks for understanding and predicting system behaviour. Thus, understanding these models can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chadha Degachi , Samuel Kernan Freire , Evangelos Niforatos , Gerd Kortuem

Comment sections below online news articles enjoy growing popularity among readers. However, the overwhelming number of comments makes it infeasible for the average news consumer to read all of them and hinders engaging discussions. Most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Julian Risch , Ralf Krestel

Intelligent systems need to be able to recover from mistakes, resolve uncertainty, and adapt to novel concepts not seen during training. Dialog interaction can enable this by the use of clarifications for correction and resolving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Aishwarya Padmakumar , Raymond J. Mooney

This paper introduces the task of product demand clarification within an e-commercial scenario, where the user commences the conversation with ambiguous queries and the task-oriented agent is designed to achieve more accurate and tailored…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingheng Ye , Yong Jiang , Xiaobin Wang , Yinghui Li , Yangning Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Conversational agents often encounter ambiguous user requests, requiring an effective clarification to successfully complete tasks. While recent advancements in real-world applications favor multi-agent architectures to manage complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Emre Can Acikgoz , Jinoh Oh , Joo Hyuk Jeon , Jie Hao , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Xiang Li , Chengyuan Ma , Xing Fan

The ability to understand a user's underlying needs is critical for conversational systems, especially with limited input from users in a conversation. Thus, in such a domain, Asking Clarification Questions (ACQs) to reveal users' true…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Hossein A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Yue Feng , Qiang Zhang , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

The ability to generate clarification questions i.e., questions that identify useful missing information in a given context, is important in reducing ambiguity. Humans use previous experience with similar contexts to form a global view and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Sudha Rao , Michel Galley , Julian McAuley

Query Understanding concerns about inferring the precise intent of search by the user with his formulated query, which is challenging because the queries are often very short and ambiguous. The report discusses the various kind of queries…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-05-21 Abhay Prakash , Dhaval Patel

Equipping a conversational search engine with strategies regarding when to ask clarification questions is becoming increasingly important across various domains. Attributing to the context understanding capability of LLMs and their access…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yue Chen , Chen Huang , Yang Deng , Wenqiang Lei , Dingnan Jin , Jia Liu , Tat-Seng Chua

Thousands of complex natural language questions are submitted to community question answering websites on a daily basis, rendering them as one of the most important information sources these days. However, oftentimes submitted questions are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Jan Trienes , Krisztian Balog

In today's digitalized world, where software systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous and complex, the quality aspect of explainability is gaining relevance. A major challenge in achieving adequate explanations is the elicitation of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hannah Deters , Laura Reinhardt , Jakob Droste , Martin Obaidi , Kurt Schneider

With the increasing demand for predictable and accountable Artificial Intelligence, the ability to explain or justify recommender systems results by specifying how items are suggested, or why they are relevant, has become a primary goal.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Noemi Mauro , Zhongli Filippo Hu , Liliana Ardissono

User intent understanding is a crucial step in designing both conversational agents and search engines. Detecting or inferring user intent is challenging, since the user utterances or queries can be short, ambiguous, and contextually…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Ali Ahmadvand

Explainable information retrieval is an emerging research area aiming to make transparent and trustworthy information retrieval systems. Given the increasing use of complex machine learning models in search systems, explainability is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Avishek Anand , Lijun Lyu , Maximilian Idahl , Yumeng Wang , Jonas Wallat , Zijian Zhang

Given a natural language query, teaching machines to ask clarifying questions is of immense utility in practical natural language processing systems. Such interactions could help in filling information gaps for better machine comprehension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Vaibhav Kumar , Vikas Raunak , Jamie Callan

Users issue queries to Search Engines, and try to find the desired information in the results produced. They repeat this process if their information need is not met at the first place. It is crucial to identify the important words in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Kishaloy Halder , Heng-Tze Cheng , Ellie Ka In Chio , Georgios Roumpos , Tao Wu , Ritesh Agarwal

Pluralistic alignment requires systems to adapt to diverse user values, communication styles, and contextual assumptions. We believe that a foundational prerequisite for such alignment enabling accurate preference elicitation from people…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Jennifer Healey

A large-scale conversational agent can suffer from understanding user utterances with various ambiguities such as ASR ambiguity, intent ambiguity, and hypothesis ambiguity. When ambiguities are detected, the agent should engage in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Joo-Kyung Kim , Guoyin Wang , Sungjin Lee , Young-Bum Kim

Search clarification has recently attracted much attention due to its applications in search engines. It has also been recognized as a major component in conversational information seeking systems. Despite its importance, the research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Hamed Zamani , Gord Lueck , Everest Chen , Rodolfo Quispe , Flint Luu , Nick Craswell

Conversational search presents opportunities to support users in their search activities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of search while reducing their cognitive load. Limitations of the potential competency of conversational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Abhishek Kaushik , Gareth J. F. Jones