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We consider three probability measures on subsets of edges of a given finite graph $G$, namely those which govern, respectively, a uniform forest, a uniform spanning tree, and a uniform connected subgraph. A conjecture concerning the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. R. Grimmett , S. N. Winkler

We prove that every tree of maximum degree $\Delta$ with $\ell$ leaves contains paths between leaves of at least $\log_{\Delta-1}((\Delta-2)\ell)$ distinct lengths. This settles in a strong form a conjecture of Narins, Pokrovskiy and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Francesco Di Braccio , Kyriakos Katsamaktsis , Alexandru Malekshahian

For a given metric space $(P,\phi)$, a tree cover of stretch $t$ is a collection of trees on $P$ such that edges $(x,y)$ of trees receive length $\phi(x,y)$, and such that for any pair of points $u,v\in P$ there is a tree $T$ in the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Artur Bikeev , Andrey Kupavskii , Maxim Turevskii

The reconstruction of a central tendency `species tree' from a large number of conflicting gene trees is a central problem in systematic biology. Moreover, it becomes particularly problematic when taxon coverage is patchy, so that not all…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-05-27 Mike Steel , Joel D. Velasco

An order-theoretic forest is a countable partial order such that the set of elements larger than any element is linearly ordered. It is an order-theoretic tree if any two elements have an upper-bound. The order type of a branch can be any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle

We consider the biased random walk on a tree constructed from the set of finite self-avoiding walks on a lattice, and use it to construct probability measures on infinite self-avoiding walks. The limit measure (if it exists) obtained when…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-25 Vincent Beffara , Cong Bang Huynh

Merge trees are a topological descriptor of a filtered space that enriches the degree zero barcode with its merge structure. The space of merge trees comes equipped with an interleaving distance $d_I$, which prompts a naive question: is the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-04 David Beers , Gillian Grindstaff

For \math{p\ge 1}, we prove that every forest with \math{p} trees whose sizes are $a_1,..., a_p$ can be embedded in any graph containing at least $\sum_{i=1}^p (a_i + 1)$ vertices and having a minimum degree at least $\sum_{i=1}^p a_i$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-18 Mark Goldberg , Malik Magdon-Ismail

In the regime of Galton-Watson trees, first order logic statements are roughly equivalent to examining the presence of specific finite subtrees. We consider the space of all trees with Poisson offspring distribution and show that such…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-06 Joel Spencer , Moumanti Podder

We consider loop ensembles on random trees. The loops are induced by a Poisson process of links sampled on the underlying tree interpreted as a metric graph. We allow two types of links, crosses and double bars. The crosses-only case…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-06 Andreas Klippel , Benjamin Lees , Christian Mönch

The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in random forest models which are recognized to exhibit good practical performance, especially in high-dimensional settings. On the theoretical side, however, their predictive power remains…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Erwan Scornet

In this paper, we investigate the structures of an extremal tree which has the minimal number of subtrees in the set of all trees with the given degree sequence of a tree. In particular, the extremal trees must be caterpillar and but in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-04 Xiu-Mei Zhang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

We introduce two notions of convexity for an infinite regular tree. For these two notions we show that given a continuous boundary datum there exists a unique convex envelope on the tree and characterize the equation that this envelope…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Leandro M. Del Pezzo , Nicolas Frevenza , Julio D. Rossi

By measuring or calculating coalescence times for several models of coalescence or evolution, with and without selection, we show that the ratios of these coalescence times become universal in the large size limit and we identify a few…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Eric Brunet , Bernard Derrida , Damien Simon

We define some new sequences of recursively constructed random combinatorial trees, and show that, after properly rescaling graph distance and equipping the trees with the uniform measure on vertices, each sequence converges almost surely…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-07 Nathan Ross , Yuting Wen

We prove that for any pair of constants $\epsilon>0$ and $\Delta$ and for $n$ sufficiently large, every family of trees of orders at most $n$, maximum degrees at most $\Delta$, and with at most $\binom{n}{2}$ edges in total packs into…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Julia Böttcher , Jan Hladký , Diana Piguet , Anusch Taraz

We study that over some types of trees with a given number of vertices, which trees minimize or maximize the total number of subtrees. Trees minimizing (resp. maximizing) the total number of subtrees usually maximize (resp. minimize) the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-30 Shuchao Li , Shujing Wang

A basic statement in graph theory is that every inclusion-maximal forest is connected, i.e. a tree. Using a definiton for higher dimensional forests by Graham and Lovasz and the connectivity-related notion of tightness for hypergraphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-09-16 Heidi Gebauer , Anna Gundert , Robin A. Moser , Yoshio Okamoto

We show that there exists a graph $G$ with $O(n)$ nodes, where any forest of $n$ nodes is a node-induced subgraph of $G$. Furthermore, for constant arboricity $k$, the result implies the existence of a graph with $O(n^k)$ nodes that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Stephen Alstrup , Søren Dahlgaard , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen

We consider so-called simple families of labelled trees, which contain, e.g., ordered, unordered, binary and cyclic labelled trees as special instances, and study the global and local behaviour of the number of inversions. In particular we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-26 Alois Panholzer , Georg Seitz