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Non-volatile magnetic storage, from 1940s magnetic core to present day racetrack memory and magnetic anisotropy switching devices rely on the metastability of magnetic domains to store information. However, the inherent inefficiency of…

Edge computing is a promising solution for handling high-dimensional, multispectral analog data from sensors and IoT devices for applications such as autonomous drones. However, edge devices' limited storage and computing resources make it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Nastaran Darabi , Amit R. Trivedi

A compact, accurate, and bitwidth-programmable in-memory computing (IMC) static random-access memory (SRAM) macro, named CAP-RAM, is presented for energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. It leverages a novel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Zhiyu Chen , Zhanghao Yu , Qing Jin , Yan He , Jingyu Wang , Sheng Lin , Dai Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

This paper presents a low cost PMOS-based 8T (P-8T) SRAM Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architecture that efficiently per-forms the multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations between 4-bit input activations and 8-bit weights. First, bit-line (BL)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Joonhyung Kim , Kyeongho Lee , Jongsun Park

The inherent dynamics of the neuron membrane potential in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) allows processing of sequential learning tasks, avoiding the complexity of recurrent neural networks. The highly-sparse spike-based computations in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Amogh Agrawal , Mustafa Ali , Minsuk Koo , Nitin Rathi , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Kaushik Roy

Recent advances in silicon foundry-process compatible ferroelectric (FE) thin films have reinvigorated interest in FE-based non-volatile memory (NVM) devices. Ferroelectric diodes (FeDs) are two-terminal NVM devices exhibiting rectifying…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-04-01 Soumya Sarkar , Xiwen Liu , Deep Jariwala

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) macros have gained popularity for deep learning acceleration due to their highly parallel computation and low power consumption. However, limited macro size and ADC precision introduce throughput and accuracy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ming-Han Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Ternary Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have shown a large potential for highly energy-constrained systems by virtue of their low power operation (due to ultra-low precision) with only a mild degradation in accuracy. To enable an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Niharika Thakuria , Akul Malhotra , Sandeep K. Thirumala , Reena Elangovan , Anand Raghunathan , Sumeet K. Gupta

Non-volatile memory (NVM) based compute-in-memory (CIM) accelerators have emerged as a sustainable solution to significantly boost energy efficiency and minimize latency for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) inference due to their in-situ data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yifan Qin , Zheyu Yan , Wujie Wen , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

In this work, we propose SEE-MCAM, scalable and compact multi-bit CAM (MCAM) designs that utilize the three-terminal ferroelectric FET (FeFET) as the proxy. By exploiting the multi-level-cell characteristics of FeFETs, our proposed SEE-MCAM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shengxi Shou , Che-Kai Liu , Sanggeon Yun , Zishen Wan , Kai Ni , Mohsen Imani , X. Sharon Hu , Jianyi Yang , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

The rise of data-intensive applications exposed the limitations of conventional processor-centric von-Neumann architectures that struggle to meet the off-chip memory bandwidth demand. Therefore, recent innovations in computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Asif Ali Khan , Hamid Farzaneh , Karl F. A. Friebel , Clément Fournier , Lorenzo Chelini , Jeronimo Castrillon

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Ferroelectrics offer a promising materials platform to realize energy-efficient non-volatile memory technology with the FeFET-based implementations being one of the most area-efficient ferroelectric memory architectures. However, the FeFET…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-30 Jaykumar Vaidya , R S Surya Kanthi , Shamiul Alam , Nazmul Amin , Ahmedullah Aziz , Nikhil Shukla

The rapid growth of deep neural network (DNN) workloads has significantly increased the demand for large-capacity on-chip SRAM in machine learning (ML) applications, with SRAM arrays now occupying a substantial fraction of the total die…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Xuming Chen , Gourav Datta , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

This paper presents a PVT-resilient, subthreshold SRAM-based computing-in-memory (CIM) macro tailored for energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs). The macro integrates in-situ current sensors and distributed voltage regulators to…

Image bitmaps have been widely used in in-memory applications, which consume lots of storage space and energy. Compared with legacy DRAM, non-volatile memories (NVMs) are suitable for bitmap storage due to the salient features in capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Zhangyu Chen , Yu Hua , Pengfei Zuo , Yuanyuan Sun , Yuncheng Guo

Binary matrix-vector multiplication (BMVM) is a key operation in post-quantum cryptography schemes like the Classic McEliece cryptosystem. Conventional computing architectures incur significant energy efficiency loss due to data movement of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hao Yue , Yihao Chen , Tianhang Liang , Xiangrui Li , Xin Kong , Zhelong Jiang , Zhigang Li , Gang Chen , Huaxiang Lu

The emergence of resistive non-volatile memories opens the way to highly energy-efficient computation near- or in-memory. However, this type of computation is not compatible with conventional ECC, and has to deal with device unreliability.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Marc Bocquet , Tifenn Hirtzlin , Jacques-Olivier Klein , Etienne Nowak , Elisa Vianello , Jean-Michel Portal , Damien Querlioz

We demonstrate a non-volatile magnetoelectric magnonic memory (MEMM) that enables fully electrical write/read via direct magnon-driven sensing in an insulating antiferromagnet. A fabricated SrIrO3/La-BiFeO3/SrIrO3 trilayer exhibits sub-100…