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Compute-in-memory (CIM) has shown significant potential in efficiently accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) at the edge, particularly in speeding up quantized models for inference applications. Recently, there has been growing interest…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiqiang Yi , Yiwen Liang , Weidong Cao

Self-attention in Transformers generates dynamic operands that force conventional Compute-in-Memory (CIM) accelerators into costly non-volatile memory (NVM) reprogramming cycles, degrading throughput and stressing device endurance. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Jiahui Duan , Kai Ni , Abhronil Sengupta

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

This work presents a novel approach to configure 2T-nC ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) for performing single cell logic-in-memory operations, highlighting its advantages in energy-efficient computation over conventional DRAM-based approaches.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Rudra Biswas , Jiahui Duan , Shan Deng , Xuezhong Niu , Yixin Qin , Prapti Panigrahi , Varun Parekh , Rajiv Joshi , Kai Ni , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

Charge-domain compute-in-memory (CIM) SRAMs have recently become an enticing compromise between computing efficiency and accuracy to process sub-8b convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at the edge. Yet, they commonly make use of a fixed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Adrian Kneip , Martin Lefebvre , Pol Maistriaux , David Bol

Magneto-Electric FET (MEFET) is a recently developed post-CMOS FET, which offers intriguing characteristics for high speed and low-power design in both logic and memory applications. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Shaahin Angizi , Navid Khoshavi , Andrew Marshall , Peter Dowben , Deliang Fan

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) offer negligible leakage power consumption, high integration density, and data retention, but their non-volatility also raises the risk of data exposure. Conventional encryption techniques such as the Advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sanwar Ahmed Ovy , Jiahui Duan , Md Ashraful Islam Romel , Franz Muller , Thomas Kampfe , Kai Ni , Sumitha George

Cache serves as a temporary data memory module in many general-purpose processors and domain-specific accelerators. Its density, power, speed, and reliability play a critical role in enhancing the overall system performance and quality of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Hongtao Zhong , Zijie Zheng , Leming Jiao , Zuopu Zhou , Chen Sun , Xiaoyang Ma , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Kai Ni , Xiao Gong , Xueqing Li

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) in static random-access memory (SRAM) is promising for accelerating deep learning inference by circumventing the memory wall and exploiting ultra-efficient analog low-precision arithmetic. Latest analog CIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Chen , Ziyuan Wen , Weier Wan , Akhil Reddy Pakala , Yiwei Zou , Wei-Chen Wei , Zengyi Li , Yubei Chen , Kaiyuan Yang

Computing-in-memory with emerging non-volatile memory (nvCiM) is shown to be a promising candidate for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) with high energy efficiency. However, most non-volatile memory (NVM) devices suffer from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Zheyu Yan , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

In scenarios with limited training data or where explainability is crucial, conventional neural network-based machine learning models often face challenges. In contrast, Bayesian inference-based algorithms excel in providing interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Chao Li , Zhicheng Xu , Bo Wen , Ruibin Mao , Can Li , Thomas Kämpfe , Kai Ni , Xunzhao Yin

While deep neural network (DNN)-based video denoising has demonstrated significant performance, deploying state-of-the-art models on edge devices remains challenging due to stringent real-time and energy efficiency requirements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shan Gao , Zhiqiang Wu , Yawen Niu , Xiaotao Li , Qingqing Xu

As a promising alternative to the Von Neumann architecture, in-memory computing holds the promise of delivering high computing capacity while consuming low power. Content addressable memory (CAM) can implement pattern matching and distance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Zijing Zhao , Junzhe Kang , Ashwin Tunga , Hojoon Ryu , Ankit Shukla , Shaloo Rakheja , Wenjuan Zhu

Accommodating all the weights on-chip for large-scale NNs remains a great challenge for SRAM based computing-in-memory (SRAM-CIM) with limited on-chip capacity. Previous non-volatile SRAM-CIM (nvSRAM-CIM) addresses this issue by integrating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Dengfeng Wang , Liukai Xu , Songyuan Liu , Zhi Li , Yiming Chen , Weifeng He , Xueqing Li , Yanan Sun

Power consumption has become the major concern in neural network accelerators for edge devices. The novel non-volatile-memory (NVM) based computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture has shown great potential for better energy efficiency.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Haobo Liu , Zhengyang Qian , Wei Wu , Hongwei Ren , Zhiwei Liu , Leibin Ni

To address the increasing computational demands of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, compute-in-memory (CIM) integrates memory and processing units into the same physical location, reducing the time and energy overhead of the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Xiwen Liu , Keshava Katti , Yunfei He , Paul Jacob , Claudia Richter , Uwe Schroeder , Santosh Kurinec , Pratik Chaudhari , Deep Jariwala

Computing in-memory (CiM) has emerged as an attractive technique to mitigate the von-Neumann bottleneck. Current digital CiM approaches for in-memory operands are based on multi-wordline assertion for computing bit-wise Boolean functions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Akul Malhotra , Atanu K. Saha , Chunguang Wang , Sumeet K. Gupta

The ever-increasing computation complexity of fast-growing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has requested new computing paradigms to overcome the memory wall in conventional Von Neumann computing architectures. The emerging Computing-In-Memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Kaining Zhou , Yangshuo He , Rui Xiao , Kejie Huang

The scaling of the already-matured CMOS technology is steadily approaching its physical limit, motivating the quest for a suitable alternative. Cryogenic operation offers a promising pathway towards continued improvement in computing speed…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Shamiul Alam , Md Mazharul Islam , Md Shafayat Hossain , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Ahmedullah Aziz

Compute-in-memory (CIM) techniques are widely employed in energy-efficient artificial intelligent (AI) processors. They alleviate power and latency bottlenecks caused by extensive data movements between compute and storage units. To extend…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianyi Yu , Tengxiao Wang , Yuxuan Wang , Xiang Fu , Fei Qiao , Ying Wang , Rui Yuan , Liyuan Liu , Cong Shi