Related papers: Extraterrestrial Photochemistry: Principles and Ap…
The flux of neutrinos and photons originating from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar medium in the galaxy is calculated based on current models for high energy particle interactions. The contribution from a possible dark matter…
Context. Photochemistry is a key process driving planetary atmospheres away from local thermodynamic equilibrium. Recent observations of the H$_2$ dominated atmospheres of hot gas giants have detected SO$_2$ as one of the major products of…
In external galaxies, some galaxies have higher activities of star formation and central supermassive black holes. The interstellar medium in those galaxies can be heated by different mechanisms such as UV-heating, X-ray heating, cosmic-ray…
Cosmic-ray and X-ray heating are derived from the electron energy loss calculations of Dalgarno, Yan and Liu for hydrogen-helium gas mixtures. These authors treated the heating from elastic scattering and collisional de-excitation of…
The work is devoted to the adaptation of the results of laboratory studies of the laser-induced dissociation of molecules of benzene adsorbed on a quartz substrate to the conditions of the interstellar medium. Adsorption was performed under…
Aerosol particles experience significant photophoretic forces at low pressure. Previous work assumed the average particle temperature to be very close to the gas temperature. This might not always be the case. If the particle temperature or…
Photoionization and its inverse, electron-ion recombination, are key processes that influence many astrophysical plasmas (and gasses), and the diagnostics that we use to analyse the plasmas. In this review we provide a brief overview of the…
Gas-phase processes were long thought to be the key formation mechanisms for complex organic molecules in star-forming regions. However, recent experimental and theoretical evidence has cast doubt on the efficiency of such processes.…
A large fraction of the organic species produced photochemically in the atmosphere of Titan can condense to form ice particles in the stratosphere and in the troposphere. According to various studies, diacetylene (C$_4$H$_2$) condenses…
Recent experiments claimed that the enhancement of catalytic reaction rates occurs via the reduction of activation barriers driven by non-equilibrium (``hot'') electrons in plasmonic metal nanoparticles. These experiments place plasmonic…
Our interpretation of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheric spectra will always be limited by the accuracy of the data we use as input in our forward and retrieval models. Ultraviolet molecular absorption cross sections are one category of…
We investigate the interactions of energetic hadronic particles (cosmic ray protons) with photons and baryons in protogalactic environments, where the target photons are supplied by the first generations of stars to form in the galaxy and…
How does molecular complexity emerge and evolve during the process leading to the formation of a planetary system? Astrochemistry is experiencing a golden age, marked by significant advancements in the observation and understanding of the…
High-energy radiation from stars impacts planetary atmospheres deeply affecting their chemistry, providing departures from chemical equilibrium. While the upper atmospheric layers are dominated by ionizations induced by extreme ultraviolet…
The emergent photoactive materials through photochemistry make it possible to directly convert photon energy to mechanical work. There is much recent work in developing appropriate materials and a promising new system is semi-crystalline…
Unimolecular gas phase chemical reactions could be activated by both infrared (IR) radiation and inter-molecular collision in the interstellar environment. Understanding the interplay and competition between the radiation and collision…
Due to its location and climate, Antarctica offers unique conditions for long-period observations across a broad wavelength regime, where important diagnostic lines for molecules and ions can be found, that are essential to understand the…
Low energy cosmic rays (up to the GeV energy domain) play a crucial role in the physics and chemistry of the densest phase of the interstellar medium. Unlike interstellar ionising radiation, they can penetrate large column densities of gas,…
Non-thermal photons deriving from radiative transitions among the internal ladder of atoms and molecules are an important source of photons in addition to thermal and stellar sources in many astrophysical environments. In the present work…
Stars with masses between 1 and 8 solar masses (M$_\odot$) lose large amounts of material in the form of gas and dust in the late stages of stellar evolution, during their Asymptotic Giant Branch phase. Such stars supply up to 35% of the…