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Geographic constraints have long structured access to high-growth career opportunities, concentrating upward mobility within a limited set of cities and organizations. The expansion of remote work potentially alters this opportunity…

General Economics · Economics 2026-05-05 Yunhan Zheng , Jinhua Zhao

This systematic literature review aims to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labour force in software engineering, with a particular focus on the skills needed for future software engineers, the impact of AI on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Sabina-Cristiana Necula

Employees in low-skilled jobs have limited agency when it comes to professional retraining. Career transitions for low-skilled white-collar workers, despite their frequent desire to change professions, are often hindered; they prove to be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-12-12 Camille Stephanus , Josiane Vero

Skills play a central role in the job market and many human resources (HR) processes. In the wake of other digital experiences, today's online job market has candidates expecting to see the right opportunities based on their skill set.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Occupational segregation is widely considered as one major reason leading to the gender discrimination in labor market. Using large-scale Chinese resume data of online job seekers, we uncover an interesting phenomenon that occupations with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-11 Wei Bai , Zhongtao Yue , Tao Zhou

Enterprises are increasingly adopting serverless computing to enhance scalability, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. However, this shift introduces new responsibilities and necessitates a distinct set of skills for practitioners. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Muhammad Hamza , Vy Kauppinen , Muhammad Azeem Akbar , Wardah Naeem Awan , Kari Smolander

We review the literature relating to soft skills and the software engineering and information systems domain before describing a study based on 650 job advertisements posted on well-known recruitment sites from a range of geographical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-07-27 Faheem Ahmed , Luiz Fernando Capretz , Salah Bouktif , Piers Campbell

Skills, i.e., structured workflow instructions distilled for large language models (LLMs), are becoming an increasingly important mechanism for improving agent performance on real-world downstream tasks. However, as the open-source skill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiahao Ying , Boxian Ai , Wei Tang , Siyuan Liu , Yixin Cao

This work examines the economic benefits of learning a new skill from a different domain: cross-skilling. To assess this, a network of skills from the job profiles of 14,790 online freelancers is constructed. Based on this skill network,…

General Economics · Economics 2021-02-11 Fabian Stephany

Given the ongoing "arms race" in cybersecurity, the shortage of skilled professionals in this field is one of the strongest in computer science. The currently unmet staffing demand in cybersecurity is estimated at over 3 million jobs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Francois Goupil , Pavel Laskov , Irdin Pekaric , Michael Felderer , Alexander Dürr , Frederic Thiesse

An increasingly large number of experiments study the labor productivity effects of automation technologies such as generative algorithms. A popular question in these experiments relates to inequality: does the technology increase output…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-30 Seth Benzell , Kyle Myers

In the rapidly evolving field of software engineering, the skills required of graduates entering the job market are constantly changing. Several studies have identified a gap between the skills taught in university curricula and those…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Huy Phan , Ievgeniia Kuzminykh , Bogdan Ghita

This study investigates the structural embeddedness of skills in the division of labor. Drawing on O*NET data covering 120 skills across 872 U.S. occupations, we identify three skill communities: general, cognitive, and physical skills.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-06-17 Soohyoung Lee , Dawoon Jeong , Jeong-Dong Lee

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ignited concerns about technological unemployment. Existing task-based evaluations predominantly measure theoretical "exposure" to AI capabilities, ignoring critical frictions of real-world…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shuyao Gao , Minghao Huang

Freelance workers must continually acquire new skills to remain competitive in online labor markets, yet they lack the organizational training, mentorship, and infrastructure available to traditional employees. Generative AI-powered tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Kashif Imteyaz , Isabel Lopez , Nakul Rajpal , Hunjun Shin , Saiph Savage

The rapid expansion of high-speed internet has led to the emergence of new digital jobs, such as digital influencers, fitness models, and adult models who share content on subscription-based social media platforms. Across two experiments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Paul H. P. Hanel , Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho , Jennifer Haase

The labor market is changing rapidly, prompting increased interest in the automatic extraction of occupational skills from text. With the advent of English benchmark job description datasets, there is a need for systems that handle their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Mike Zhang , Rob van der Goot , Min-Yen Kan , Barbara Plank

A job usually involves the application of several complementary or synergistic skills to perform its required tasks. Such relationships are implicitly recognised by employers in the skills they demand when recruiting new employees. Here we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zhaolu Liu , Jonathan M. Clarke , Bertha Rohenkohl , Mauricio Barahona

Artificial intelligence is reshaping labor markets, yet we lack tools to systematically forecast its effects on employment. This paper introduces a benchmark for evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) can anticipate changes in job…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sheri Osborn , Rohit Valecha , H. Raghav Rao , Dan Sass , Anthony Rios

Skills-based matching promises mobility of workers between different sectors and occupations in the labor market. In this case, job seekers can look for jobs they do not yet have experience in, but for which they do have relevant skills.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Ajaya Adhikari , Steven Vethman , Daan Vos , Marc Lenz , Ioana Cocu , Ioannis Tolios , Cor J. Veenman