Related papers: On 2-digit and 3-digit Kaprekar's Routine
Consider the following process: Take any four-digit number which has at least two distinct digits. Then, rearrange the digits of the original number in ascending and descending order, take these two numbers, and find the difference between…
For natural numbers $x$ and $b$, the classical Kaprekar function is defined as $K_{b} (x) = D-A$, where $D$ is the rearrangement of the base-$b$ digits of $x$ in descending order and $A$ is ascending. The bases $b$ for which $K_b$ has a…
Kaprekar's routine, i.e., sorting the digits of an integer in ascending and descending order and subtracting the two, defines a finite deterministic map on the state space of fixed-length digit strings. While its attractors (such as 495 for…
In this study, several interesting iterative sequences were investigated. First, we define the iterative sequences. We fix function f(n). An iterative sequence starts with a natural number n, and calculates the sequence f(n),f(f(n)),…
The Kaprekar transformation is uniquely determined by parameters based on differences between symmetric values in the ordered numeric sequence. The parametric analysis of the iteration of the process requires developing Ki functions that…
We extend Kaprekar's Routine for a large class of applications. We also give particular examples of this generalization as alternatives to Kaprekar's Routine and Number. Some open questions about the length of the iterations until reaching…
This paper focuses on regularisation methods using models up to the third order to search for up to second-order critical points of a finite-sum minimisation problem. The variant presented belongs to the framework of [3]: it employs random…
Mixed integer sets have a strong modeling capacity to describe practical systems. Nevertheless, incorporating a mixed integer set often renders an optimization formulation drastically more challenging to compute. In this paper, we study how…
Iterative methods play an important role in science and engineering applications, with uses ranging from linear system solvers in finite element methods to optimization solvers in model predictive control. Recently, a new computational…
Steiner triple systems form one of the most studied classes of combinatorial designs. Configurations, including subsystems, play a central role in the investigation of Steiner triple systems. With sporadic instances of small systems, ad-hoc…
The well-known 1089 trick reflects an amazing trait of digital reversal process and reminisces of a limiting attractor in dynamical systems even though it takes only two steps. It is natural to consider the situations when the number of…
Repeatedly adding or subtracting the digital reversal to or from an integer, depending on which one is larger, can be treated as a dynamical system. On one hand, a three-digit version of this map running only two steps is the 1089…
We develop a novel primal-dual algorithm to solve a class of nonsmooth and nonlinear compositional convex minimization problems, which covers many existing and brand-new models as special cases. Our approach relies on a combination of a new…
Maximum likelihood iteration is one of the most commonly used reconstruction algorithms in quantum tomography. The main appeal of the method is that it is easy to implement and that it converges reliably to a physically meaningful density…
In general terms, we establish algebraic relations that numbers must satisfy in order for their images to match after one or several transformations. Some groups associated with these relationships are identified, such as the Klein group.…
On the space of rhythms of arbitrary length with a fixed number of onsets, a self map $F$ is constructed. It is shown that for any rhythm $\mathbf{r}$ of the space there exists a nonnegative integer $k$ such that $F^k(\mathbf{r})$ falls…
A common problem to all applications of linear finite dynamical systems is analyzing the dynamics without enumerating every possible state transition. Of particular interest is the long term dynamical behaviour. In this paper, we study the…
For scientific computations on a digital computer the set of real number is usually approximated by a finite set F of "floating-point" numbers. We compare the numerical accuracy possible with difference choices of F having approximately the…
This paper presents a methodology for constructing iterative schemes of any order of convergence for solving nonlinear systems of equations. It also provides formulas for the order of convergence of any iterative schemes constructed using…
We describe a procedure based on the iteration of an initial function by an appropriated operator, acting on continuous functions, in order to get a fixed point. This fixed point will be a calibrated subaction for the doubling map on the…