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Single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) are crucial sensors of light for many fields and applications. However, they are not able to resolve photon number, so typically more complex and more expensive experimental setups or devices must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Patrick Banner , Deniz Kurdak , Yaxin Li , Alan Migdall , J. V. Porto , S. L. Rolston

Photon counting (PhC) is an effective detection technology for underwater optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. The presence of signal-dependent Poisson shot noise and asynchronous multi-user interference (MUI) complicates the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Fanghua Li , Xiaolin Zhou , Yongkang Chen , Wei Ni , Xin Wang , Dusit Niyato , Ekram Hossain

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) is regarded as an auspicious communication approach that can outperform the existing wireless technology. It utilizes LED lights, whose subtle variation in radiant intensity generate a binary data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Fadi Al-Turjman , Diletta Cacciagrano , Leonardo Mostarda , Mattia Paccamiccio , Zaib Ullah

Following the explosive growth of global data, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-throughput optical fiber communication (OFC) systems to perform massive data transmission and processing. Existing OFC methods mainly rely on…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-09 Yitong Chen , Tiankuang Zhou , Jiamin Wu , Hui Qiao , Xing Lin , Lu Fang , Qionghai Dai

3D time-of-flight (ToF) imaging is used in a variety of applications such as augmented reality (AR), computer interfaces, robotics and autonomous systems. Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are one of the enabling technologies providing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Germán Mora-Martín , Alex Turpin , Alice Ruget , Abderrahim Halimi , Robert Henderson , Jonathan Leach , Istvan Gyongy

Passive Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging can be enabled by optical wireless communication (OWC). The lighting infrastructure is the backbone of emerging light-based wireless communication. To this end, communication sources are used as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Faisal Ahmed , Miguel Heredia Conde , Paula López Martínez

We introduce an alternative receiver architecture for deep-space optical communication, in which a single large aperture is replaced by an array of smaller ones with outputs combined coherently, employing phase stabilization based on photon…

Single-photon-avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are essential tools in biophotonics, optical ranging and sensing and quantum optics. However, their small number of pixels, low quantum efficiency and small fill factor have so far hindered their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Hugo Defienne , Jiuxuan Zhao , Edoardo Charbon , Daniele Faccio

Diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA), also called speckle contrast optical spectroscopy(SCOS), has emerged as a groundbreaking optical imaging technique for tracking dynamic biological processes, including blood flow and tissue…

A backside-illuminated (BSI) near-infrared enhanced silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) for time-of-flight (ToF) light detection and ranging applications is presented. The detector contains a 2 $\mu$m wide multiplication region…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-03-04 Edward Van Sieleghem , Gauri Karve , Koen De Munck , Andrea Vinci , Celso Cavaco , Andreas Süss , Chris Van Hoof , Jiwon Lee

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most commercially diffused solution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution (QKD) applications. However, the secondary photon emission, arising from the avalanche of charge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 A. Meda , I. P. Degiovanni , A. Tosi , Z. L. Yuan , G. Brida , M. Genovese

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an open-set recognition task, which is usually formulated as a one-class classification (OCC) problem, where training data is comprised of videos with normal instances while test data contains both normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ayush K. Rai , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alexandru Drimbarean , Kevin McGuinness , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

We characterize a new commercial, back-illuminated reach-through silicon single-photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 (Laser Components. Inc.), operated in Geiger-mode for purpose of photon counting. We show that for this sensor a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-11-12 Mario Stipčević , Daqing Wang , Rupert Ursin

Efficient video transmission is essential for seamless communication and collaboration within the visually-driven digital landscape. To achieve low latency and high-quality video transmission over a bandwidth-constrained noisy wireless…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Nan Li , Yansha Deng , Dusit Niyato

Sound Event Detection (SED) plays a vital role in audio understanding, with applications in surveillance, smart cities, healthcare, and multimedia indexing. However, conventional SED systems operate under a closed-world assumption, limiting…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-22 P. H. Hai , L. T. Minh , L. H. Son

InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used in practical applications requiring near-infrared photon counting such as quantum key distribution (QKD). Photon detection efficiency and dark count rate are the intrinsic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Jian Ma , Bing Bai , Liu-Jun Wang , Cun-Zhu Tong , Ge Jin , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

In the planned or considered upgrades of LHCb, ALICE and Belle II experiments, the Ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors will have to be improved in order to function at increased beam interaction density. The photodetectors used in…

Receivers with joint channel estimation and signal detection using superimposed pilots (SP) can achieve high transmission efficiency in orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) systems. However, existing receivers have high computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Fupeng Huang , Qinghua Guo , Youwen Zhang , Yuriy Zakharov

We report on the first demonstration of fluorescence detection using single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) monolithically integrated with a microfabricated surface ion trap. The SPADs are positioned below the trapping positions of the…

Spatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras…