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3D depth sensors using single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are becoming increasingly common in applications such as autonomous navigation and object detection. Recent designs implement on-chip histogramming time-to-digital converters…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Jack MacLean , Brian Stewart , Istvan Gyongy

Single-photon detection is an invaluable tool for many applications ranging from basic research to consumer electronics. In this respect, the Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) plays a key role in enabling a broad diffusion of these…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-05 Angelo Gulinatti , Francesco Ceccarelli , Massimo Ghioni , Ivan Rech

Single-photon cameras (SPCs) are emerging as sensors of choice for various challenging imaging applications. One class of SPCs based on the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detects individual photons using an avalanche process; the raw…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Lucas J. Koerner , Shantanu Gupta , Atul Ingle , Mohit Gupta

The ability to detect single photons has led to the advancement of numerous research fields. Although various types of single-photon detector have been developed, because of two main factors - that is, (1) the need for operating at…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-18 Neil Na , Yen-Cheng Lu , Yu-Hsuan Liu , Po-Wei Chen , Ying-Chen Lai , You-Ru Lin , Chung-Chih Lin , Tim Shia , Chih-Hao Cheng , Shu-Lu Chen

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the most sensitive instruments for light detection. In the near-infrared range, SPDs based on III-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jun Zhang , Mark A. Itzler , Hugo Zbinden , Jian-Wei Pan

Single photon detection is important for a wide range of low-light applications, including quantum information processing, spectroscopy, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). A key challenge in these applications has been to integrate…

Neuromorphic or event cameras, inspired by biological vision systems, capture changes in illumination with high temporal resolution and efficiency, producing streams of events rather than traditional images. In this paper, we explore the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Abbaas Alif Mohamed Nishar , Alireza Marefat , Ashwin Ashok

This work presents stochastic approaches to model the counting behavior of actively quenched single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) subjected to continuous-wave constant illumination. We present both analytical expressions and simulation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-27 Ivo Straka , Jan Grygar , Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek

Fluorescence microscopy and derived techniques are continuously looking for photodetectors able to guarantee increased sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution and ease of integration into modern microscopy architectures. Recent…

In this work we investigate operation in the Geiger mode of the new single photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 manufactured by Laser Components. This SPAD is sensitive in the range 400-1000nm and has a conventional reach-through…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-03-14 M. Stipcevic , H. Skenderovic , D. Gracin

Efficient image transmission is essential for seamless communication and collaboration within the visually-driven digital landscape. To achieve low latency and high-quality image reconstruction over a bandwidth-constrained noisy wireless…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-03 Nan Li , Yansha Deng

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging hybrid imaging modality that combines rich optical spectroscopic contrast and high ultrasonic resolution and thus holds tremendous promise for a wide range of pre-clinical and clinical applications.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Mengjie Shi , Tom Vercauteren , Wenfeng Xia

Temporal photon correlation measurement, instrumental to probing the quantum properties of light, typically requires multiple single photon detectors. Progress in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology highlights their…

Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are a rapidly emerging technology. These multi-pixel sensors have single-photon sensitivities and pico-second temporal resolutions thus they can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-12 Stirling Scholes , Germán Mora-Martín , Feng Zhu , Istvan Gyongy , Phil Soan , Jonathan Leach

Single-photon detector (SPD), an essential building block of the quantum communication system, plays a fundamental role in developing next-generation quantum technologies. In this work, we propose an efficient modeling workflow of nanowire…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Zhe Li , H. Hoe Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Lan Fu

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are becoming popular in time-of-flight depth-ranging due to their unique ability to capture individual photons with picosecond timing resolution. However, ambient light (e.g., sunlight) incident on a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-20 Anant Gupta , Atul Ingle , Mohit Gupta

We present SPAD, a novel approach for creating consistent multi-view images from text prompts or single images. To enable multi-view generation, we repurpose a pretrained 2D diffusion model by extending its self-attention layers with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Yash Kant , Ziyi Wu , Michael Vasilkovsky , Guocheng Qian , Jian Ren , Riza Alp Guler , Bernard Ghanem , Sergey Tulyakov , Igor Gilitschenski , Aliaksandr Siarohin

It is challenging to implement genuine free running single photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-07-18 Zhizhong Yan , Deny R. Hamel , Aimee K. Heinrichs , Xudong Jiang , Mark A. Itzler , Thomas Jennewein

Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are new and promising imaging sensors. These sensors are sensitive enough to detect individual photons hitting each pixel, with extreme temporal resolution and without readout noise. Thus, SPADs stand…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Aleksi Suonsivu , Lauri Salmela , Leevi Uosukainen , Edoardo Peretti , Radu Ciprian Bilcu , Giacomo Boracchi

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays have transformed optical imaging by enabling photon-counting sensitivity, picosecond resolution, and high frame-rate operation. These capabilities, however, have remained confined to the visible…