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From the perspective of information theory and cryptography, we analyze the security of two quantum dialogue protocols and a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol, and point out that the transmitted information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-04 Fei Gao , Fen-Zhuo Guo , Qiao-Yan Wen , Fu-Chen Zhu

We investigate the security against collective attacks of a continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme in the asymptotic key limit for a realistic setting. The quantum channel connecting the two honest parties is assumed to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-12 Matthias Heid , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We provide a complete proof of the security of quantum cryptography against any eavesdropping attack including coherent measurements even in the presence of noise. Polarization-based cryptographic schemes are shown to be equivalent to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau

In this paper, we propose a transmission scheme that achieves information theoretic security, without making assumptions on the eavesdropper's channel. This is achieved by a transmitter that deliberately introduces synchronization errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-27 Jason Castiglione , Aleksandar Kavcic

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution with homodyne detection is widely recognized for its ease of implementation, efficiency with respect to error correction, and its compatibility with modern optical…

We investigate a new strategy for incoherent eavesdropping in Ekert's entanglement based quantum key distribution protocol. We show that under certain assumptions of symmetry the effectiveness of this strategy reduces to that of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Hitoshi Inamori , Luke Rallan , Vlatko Vedral

Steganography is the science of hiding and communicating a secret message by embedding it in an innocent looking text such that the eavesdropper is unaware of its existence. Previously, attempts were made to establish steganography using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Rohan Joshi , Akhil Gupta , Kishore Thapliyal , R Srikanth , Anirban Pathak

Distributing cryptographic keys over public channels in a way that can provide information-theoretic security is the holy grail for secure communication. This can be achieved by exploiting quantum mechanical principles in so-called quantum…

In order to improve the eavesdropping detection efficiency in two-step quantum direct communication protocol, an improved eavesdropping detection strategy using four-particle GHZ state is proposed, in which four-particle GHZ state is used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jian Li , Haifei Jin , Bo Jing

Quantum continuous variables are being explored as an alternative means to implement quantum key distribution, which is usually based on single photon counting. The former approach is potentially advantageous because it should enable higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Grosshans , G. Van Assche , J. Wenger , R. Brouri , N. J. Cerf , Ph. Grangier

We present a complete protocol for BB84 quantum key distribution for a realistic setting (noise, loss, multi-photon signals of the source) that covers many of todays experimental implementations. The security of this protocol is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 Hitoshi Inamori , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Dominic Mayers

Security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols relies solely on quantum physics laws, namely, on the impossibility to distinguish between non-orthogonal quantum states with absolute certainty. Due to this, a potential eavesdropper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 Valeria A. Pastushenko , Dmitry A. Kronberg

Quantum cryptography shows that one can guarantee the secrecy of correlation on the sole basis of the laws of physics, that is without limiting the computational power of the eavesdropper. The usual security proofs suppose that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Valerio Scarani , Nicolas Gisin , Nicolas Brunner , Lluis Masanes , Sergi Pino , Antonio Acin

With the increasing demand for secure communication in optical space networks, it is essential to develop physical-layer scalable security solutions. In this context, we present the asymptotic security analysis of a keyless quantum private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Angeles Vazquez-Castro , Andreas Winter , Hugo Zbinden

We prove a lower bound on the information leakage of any classical protocol computing the equality function in the simultaneous message passing (SMP) model. Our bound is valid in the finite length regime and is strong enough to demonstrate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Dave Touchette

We experimentally implemented an eavesdropping attack against the Ekert protocol for quantum key distribution based on the Wigner inequality. We demonstrate a serious lack of security of this protocol when the eavesdropper gains total…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. A. Bovino , A. M. Colla , G. Castagnoli , S. Castelletto , I. P. Degiovanni , M. L. Rastello

Flaws in the process of modulation, or encoding of key bits in the quadratures of the electromagnetic light field, can make continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems susceptible to leakage of secret information. Here, we report…

The characterization of quantum processes, e.g. communication channels, is an essential ingredient for establishing quantum information systems. For quantum key distribution protocols, the amount of overall noise in the channel determines…

We consider reversely-degraded secure-communication channels, for which the secrecy capacity is zero if there is no channel feedback. Specifically, we focus on a seeded modular code design for the block-fading Gaussian wiretap channel with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yingyao Zhou , Natasha Devroye , Onur Günlü

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter