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Related papers: Mathematical foundations of moral preferences

200 papers

Automated decision systems are increasingly used for consequential decision making -- for a variety of reasons. These systems often rely on sophisticated yet opaque models, which do not (or hardly) allow for understanding how or why a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jakob Schoeffer , Yvette Machowski , Niklas Kuehl

Incentives have surprisingly inconsistent effects when it comes to encouraging people to behave prosocially. Classical economic theory, according to which a specific behavior becomes more prevalent when it is rewarded, struggles to explain…

General Economics · Economics 2021-04-29 Caroline Graf , Eva-Maria Merz , Bianca Suanet , Pamala Wiepking

I consider decision-making constrained by considerations of morality, rationality, or other virtues. The decision maker (DM) has a true preference over outcomes, but feels compelled to choose among outcomes that are top-ranked by some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-17 Sarah Ridout

Cooperation in groups underpins collective responses to challenges from climate governance to public goods provision, yet how moral evaluation sustains it remains poorly understood. Indirect reciprocity -- cooperating to build a good…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-29 Ming Wei , Xin Wang , Junyu Lu , Longzhao Liu , Yishen Jiang , Hongwei Zheng , Shaoting Tang , Feng Fu

Cooperation is a key driver of human social progress. Studies of the evolution of cooperation typically assume a deterministic outcome for social interactions. But in real-world social interactions, interaction outcomes are often subject to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-14 Jiapeng Yu , Anzhi Sheng , Long Wang

The basic problem in the cooperation theory is to justify the cooperation. Here we propose a new approach, where players are driven by their altruism to cooperate or not. The probability of cooperation depends also on the co-player's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Krzysztof Kulakowski , Przemyslaw Gawronski

Situations where people have to decide between hurting themselves or another person are at the core of many individual and global conflicts. Yet little is known about how people behave when facing these situations in the lab. Here we report…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-12-23 Valerio Capraro

Algorithms are increasingly used to guide high-stakes decisions about individuals. Consequently, substantial interest has developed around defining and measuring the ``fairness'' of these algorithms. These definitions of fair algorithms…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-04-09 Annie Liang , Jay Lu

Many studies have identified particular features of artificial intelligences (AI), such as their autonomy and emotion expression, that affect the extent to which they are treated as subjects of moral consideration. However, there has not…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Ali Ladak , Jamie Harris , Jacy Reese Anthis

Preference elicitation frameworks feature heavily in the research on participatory ethical AI tools and provide a viable mechanism to enquire and incorporate the moral values of various stakeholders. As part of the elicitation process,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Kyle Boerstler , Vijay Keswani , Lok Chan , Jana Schaich Borg , Vincent Conitzer , Hoda Heidari , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

Evolutionary game theory assumes that individuals maximize their benefits when choosing strategies. However, an alternative perspective proposes that individuals seek to maximize the benefits of others. To explore the relationship between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-16 Chaoqian Wang , Attila Szolnoki

Recent work highlights that cooperation in the one-shot Prisoner's dilemma (PD) is primarily driven by moral preferences for doing the right thing, rather than social preferences for equity or efficiency. By contrast, little is known on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-09 Valerio Capraro , Ismael Rodriguez-Lara , Maria J. Ruiz-Martos

We consider agents in a social network competing to be selected as partners in collaborative, mutually beneficial activities. We study this through a model in which an agent i can initiate a limited number k_i>0 of games and selects the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Timothy Murray , Jugal Garg , Rakesh Nagi

Recently, reputation-based indirect reciprocity has been widely applied to the study on fairness behavior. Previous works mainly investigate indirect reciprocity by considering compulsory participation. While in reality, individuals may…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yanling Zhang , Yin Li , Xiaojie Chen , Guangming Xie

In recent years, machine learning algorithms have become ubiquitous in a multitude of high-stakes decision-making applications. The unparalleled ability of machine learning algorithms to learn patterns from data also enables them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 José Pombal , André F. Cruz , João Bravo , Pedro Saleiro , Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Pedro Bizarro

The causes underlying unfair decision making are complex, being internalised in different ways by decision makers, other actors dealing with data and models, and ultimately by the individuals being affected by these decisions. One frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Fernando Martínez-Plumed , Cèsar Ferri , David Nieves , José Hernández-Orallo

We map the recently proposed notions of algorithmic fairness to economic models of Equality of opportunity (EOP)---an extensively studied ideal of fairness in political philosophy. We formally show that through our conceptual mapping, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Hoda Heidari , Michele Loi , Krishna P. Gummadi , Andreas Krause

Utilitarian games such as dictator games to measure fairness have been studied in the social sciences for decades. These games have given us insight into not only how humans view fairness but also in what conditions the frequency of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Jazmia Henry

With Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly applied in consequential domains, researchers have begun to ask how these systems ought to act in ethically charged situations where even humans lack consensus. In the Moral Machine project,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Michael Feffer , Hoda Heidari , Zachary C. Lipton

Cooperation underlies many aspects of the evolution of human and animal societies, where cooperators produce social goods to benefit others. Explaining the emergence of cooperation among selfish individuals has become a major research…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-10 Yao Meng , Sean P. Cornelius , Yang-Yu Liu , Aming Li