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Related papers: Mathematical foundations of moral preferences

200 papers

AI systems are often used to make or contribute to important decisions in a growing range of applications, including criminal justice, hiring, and medicine. Since these decisions impact human lives, it is important that the AI systems act…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Duncan C McElfresh , Lok Chan , Kenzie Doyle , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong , Vincent Conitzer , Jana Schaich Borg , John P Dickerson

One common assumption in game theory is that any player optimizes a utility function that takes into account only its own payoff. However, it has long been observed that in real life players may adopt an altruistic or even spiteful…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Michail Fasoulakis , Leonidas Bakopoulos , Charilaos Akasiadis , Georgios Chalkiadakis

As AI systems increasingly permeate everyday life, designers and developers face mounting pressure to balance innovation with ethical design choices. To date, the operationalisation of AI ethics has predominantly depended on frameworks that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Benjamin J. Carroll , Jianlong Zhou , Paul F. Burke , Sabine Ammon

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations, in which an individual is motivated to help another to acquire a good reputation and receive help from others afterwards. Ingroup favoritism is another aspect…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-11-20 Mitsuhiro Nakamura , Naoki Masuda

Assistance games (also known as cooperative inverse reinforcement learning games) have been proposed as a model for beneficial AI, wherein a robotic agent must act on behalf of a human principal but is initially uncertain about the humans…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Arnaud Fickinger , Simon Zhuang , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Stuart Russell

I study altruistic choices through the lens of a cognitively noisy decision-maker. I introduce a theoretical framework that demonstrates how increased cognitive noise can directionally affect altruistic decisions and put its implications to…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-03 Niklas M. Witzig

We elicit incomplete preferences over monetary gambles with subjective uncertainty. Subjects rank gambles, and these rankings are used to estimate preferences; payments are based on estimated preferences. About 40\% of subjects express…

General Economics · Economics 2022-10-06 Kirby Nielsen , Luca Rigotti

A stylized experiment, the public goods game, has taught us the peculiar reproducible fact that humans tend to contribute more to shared resources than expected from economically rational assumptions. There have been two competing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-03 Chen Shen , Zhixue He , Hao Guo , Shuyue Hu , Jun Tanimoto , Lei Shi , Petter Holme

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate into our daily lives, it becomes crucial to understand their implicit biases and moral tendencies. To address this, we introduce a Moral Foundations LLM dataset (MFD-LLM) grounded in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Monika Jotautaite , Mary Phuong , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Maria Angelica Martinez

Several rules for social choice are examined from a unifying point of view that looks at them as procedures for revising a system of degrees of belief in accordance with certain specified logical constraints. Belief is here a social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-06 Rosa Camps , Xavier Mora , Laia Saumell

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in tasks with ethical and societal stakes, a critical question arises: do they exhibit an emergent "moral mind" - a consistent structure of moral preferences guiding their decisions -…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Avner Seror

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

Recent work has constructed economic mechanisms that are both truthful and differentially private. In these mechanisms, privacy is treated separately from the truthfulness; it is not incorporated in players' utility functions (and doing so…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-14 Yiling Chen , Stephen Chong , Ian A. Kash , Tal Moran , Salil Vadhan

A rapidly growing literature on lying in behavioral economics and psychology shows that individuals often do not lie even when lying maximizes their utility. In this work, we attempt to incorporate these findings into the theory of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Shahar Dobzinski , Sigal Oren

The ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has risen as an imminent concern across scholarly communities. This concern has propagated a great interest in algorithmic fairness. Large research agendas are now devoted to increasing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Kimi Wenzel , Geoff Kaufman , Laura Dabbish

While people generally trust AI to make decisions in various aspects of their lives, concerns arise when AI is involved in decisions with significant moral implications. The absence of a precise mathematical framework for moral reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Vincent Conitzer

Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-06-18 Ben M. Tappin , Valerio Capraro

We introduce a new computational model of moral decision making, drawing on a recent theory of commonsense moral learning via social dynamics. Our model describes moral dilemmas as a utility function that computes trade-offs in values over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Richard Kim , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Andres Abeliuk , Edmond Awad , Sohan Dsouza , Josh Tenenbaum , Iyad Rahwan

An ambitious goal for machine learning is to create agents that behave ethically: The capacity to abide by human moral norms would greatly expand the context in which autonomous agents could be practically and safely deployed, e.g. fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Adrien Ecoffet , Joel Lehman

Moral Foundations Theory proposes that individuals with conflicting political views base their behavior on different principles chosen from a small group of universal moral foundations. This study proposes using a set of widely accepted…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Ruben Interian